INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nengwadla yentsha engasenathemba, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
INTSHA yaseNingizimu Afrika ithwele kanzima. Iningi layo alikho emsebenzini noma ezikhungweni zokuqeqeshelwa amakhono nezemfundo ephakeme.
Kuyinkinga loku ngoba kubeka intsha engcupheni yokuphenduka izigebengu noma ukubangabangu abadla izidakamizwa ngoba sebephelelwe ithemba ngekusasa lempilo.
Imininingwane ekhishwe yiStatistics South Africa (iStats SA) ikhomba ukuthi intsha – abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-34 – ibalelwa ku-21 million wabantu abawu-42.2m ezweni abathathwa njengeqoqo lezisebenzi. Ingaphansana nje kwango-50% (u-10.3m) lale ntsha ngabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24.
Leli qoqo lezisebenzi, labantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-64, liyingxenye ewu-67% yezakhamuzi zezwe (eziwu-63m).
Kusetshenziswa le minyaka ukuhlanganisa le mininingwane ngoba umuntu oneminyaka engaphansi kwewu-15 uthathwa njengengane engafanele ukusebenza kanti ongaphezu kweminyaka ewu-64 uthathwa njengomuntu osebheke empeshenini.
Nokho loku akusho ukuthi bonke abantu bathatha umhlalaphansi uma befika eminyakeni ewu-65.
Iqoqo lezisebenzi zezwe (ezineminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-64) lifanele ukubayinsika yomnotho wezwe nentuthuko yalo. Nokho loku kuncike emathubeni emisebenzi nemfundo eyanele leli qoqo.
Sekuyiminyaka nokho ezweni inani labantu abantula amathuba omsebenzi lingaphezu kwango-30% weqoqo labantu abayizisebenzi. Ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi kudlange entsheni kakhulu, ikakhulu eyesifazane.
FUNDA NALAPHA: Mkhulu umsebenzi ohlalele uhulumeni ukuxazulula inkinga yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi ingxenye ewu-60,9% yentsha (eneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24) ibintula amathuba omsebenzi ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala kwalo nyaka. Lesi sibalo singaqhathaniswa no-32,7% wezisebenzi zonke ebezintula umsebenzi ngaleso sikhathi.
Iveza nokuthi likhulu igebe phakathi kwentsha ezimisele ukusebenza nethola amathuba omsebenzi. Kwintsha eneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24, iwu-26% esezimakethe zamathuba omsebenzi kodwa iwu-10,1% kuphela esebenzayo.
Loku kusho ukuthi kunegebe eliwu-16 percentage points phakathi kwentsha (ngokweminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24) ebheka umsebenzi newutholayo.
Likhulu leli gebe kwintsha eminyaka ephakathi kwewu-25 newu-34. Ingxenye ewu-72% yale ntsha ibheka umsebenzi kodwa kuqashwe ewu-42,8% kuphela. Lokhu kushiya igebe eliwu-29,2 percentage points.
Iyanda nentsha engekho esikoleni, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme noma emsebenzini. Ngamanye amazwi ingomantuntanendishi. Kubantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 abalinganiselwa ku-10.1m, bawu-3.9m abakuleliqoqo (bawu-37,6%). Kwabaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-25 newu-34, bawu-45,6% abakuleli qoqo.
Leli qoqo lenziwa yintsha ephuma esikoleni ingakaqedi noma ingxenye yentsha engaqhubekeli ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme nokuqeqeshelwa amakhono ngemva kokuphasa uMatikuletsheni.
Ingxenye yentsha eqeda uMatikuletsheni ingaqhubeki yenziwa wukuntula amandla okukhokhela inyuvesi, enye kungenxa yokuthi izicelo zayo zosizo lweNational Student Financial Aid Scheme zingaphumelelanga.
Yisimo seminyaka lesi, njengoba kuveza imininingwane yeStats SA. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yiStats SA oluqondene neminyaka eyishumi (u-2014 kuya ku-2024), i-Marginalised Groups Series VII: The Social Profile of the Youth, 2014-24, luveza ukuthi ingxenye yabantu abasha abathola umsebenzi yehla phakathi kwango-2014 nango-2024.
Ngo-2014, u-30,5% wentsha eyayibheka umsebenzi lwayithola. Ngo-2024, le ngxenye yayiwu-27.7%. Yingakho nje isibalo sentsha entula umsebenzi lenyuka lisuka ku-36,8% ngo-2014 lafinyelela ku-45,5% ngo-2024.
Lo mbiko weStats SA waveza nokuthi iningi lwentsha lwabika ukuthi aluwuqedanga uMatikuletsheni. Kuyinkinga loku ngoba imininingwane ngamathuba omsebenzi ikhomba ukuthi abantu abaphothule uMatikuletsheni banamathuba angcono okuthola umsebenzi kunabangaqedanga esikoleni.
Mahle kakhulu amathuba kwabaqhubekele phambili nemfundo yabo ngemva kwaMatikuletsheni noma abaqeqeshelwe amakhono.
Likhulu igebe phakathi kwezinhlanga zezwe. Kwabengabadi, wu-54,8% wentsha ethi ayizange iwuqede uMatikuletsheni. u-27,5% emaNdiyeni, u-28,8% wabelungu no-53,8% wamaKhaladi.
Kwabaphothule uMatikuletsheni, abomdabu wu-35,8%, wu-37,7% kumaKhaladi, abelungu wu-40,7%) kanti kumaNdiya wu-48,6%.
Kwimfundo ephakeme, iStats SA iveza ukuthi ezinye izinhlanga zihamba phambili kunabengabadi. AmaNdiya awu-45,7% abika ukuthi asezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, kubelungu babewu-31,1% kanti abomdabu % abasezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme babewu-11,5%.
Kwabaneziqu zemfundo ephakeme, abomdabu basele (bawu-3.6%), kuthi abelungu bahambe phamabili (bawu20.7%), kulandele amaNdiya ngo-13,7%.
Mkhulu umehluko futhi phakathi kwentsha ehlala emadolobheni neyasemakhaya. Iwu-17,2% intsha yasemadolobheni eqhubekela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. Iwu-6,5% kuphela ephuma emakhaya.
Yonke le mininingwane ikhomba izinkinga izwe elibhekene nazo nelisazobhekana nazo. Izwe elinentsha eningi engenathemba ngekusasa libanezinkinga eziningi eziphathelene nobugebengu nokwanda kokudla izidakamizwa.
