Mkhulu umsebenzi ohlalele uhulumeni ukuxazulula inkinga yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

ISIMO samathuba omsebenzi eNingizimu Afrika asisihle neze. Noma sekuyindabizekwa kakhulu lena kodwa ukujula kwayo kuqhakanjiswa kabusha yimininingwane ngesimo semisebenzi eNingizimu Afrika ekhishwe yiStatistics South Africa (iStats SA).

Le mininingwane ibuyekeza isimo semisebenzi ngokubheka iminyaka emihlanu edlule. Imininingwane emisha nje ibuyekeza isimo semisebenzi phakathi kwango-2019 no-2024.

Okokuqala, ukujula kwale nkinga ekhungethe izwe kukhomba ukuncipha kwamandla omnotho wezwe ukudala amathuba omsebenzi. Akuthusi nokho njengoba sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi izinga lokukhula komnotho lingaphansi kwango-2%.

Okwesibili, ngenxa yokunyuka kwezindleko zokuqasha izisebenzi nobunzima abaqashi ababika ukuthi babhekana nabo uma befuna ukuphungula isibalo sezisebenzi, abaqashi abaningi abasenamdlandla wokuqasha noma isimo somnotho sibangconywana.

Okwesithathu, kwezinye zezimboni zezwe (njengezensimbi nezibhekene nezobunjiniyela), izivumelwano zokunyusa amaholo emva kwezingxoxo phakathi kwezinyunyana nabamele abaqashi azivuli amathuba okuhlukanisa izinga lokunyusa amaholo phakathi kwamabhizinisi amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane. Zibopha ngabhande linye zonke izinkampani.

Izinkampani ezisencane – uma kukalwa ngeminyaka yazo, imali eziyingenisayo nesibaloi sezisebenzi – azinamandla ngokwezimali alingana nawezinkampani ezinkulu. I-Stats SA iveza ukuthi isibalo sabantu abathathwa njengabenza izisebenzi zezwe (abaqashiwe nabasathungatha imisebenzi) lenyuka ngo-2.1 million phakathi kwango-2019 nango-2024, lafinyelela ku-25m (u-22.9m). Iqoqo lezisebenzi zezwe libunjwa abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-64.

I-Stats SA iveza ukuthi umnotho wezwe wakwazi ukudala amathuba emisebenzi alingene ingxenye ewu-25% yabantu abayileli qoqo lezisebenzi zezwe. Yingakho nje isibalo sabantu abantula imisebenzi lenyuke ngo-1.6m phakathi kwango-2019 no-2024 lafinyelela ku-8.1m (u-6.5m). Ingxenye yemisebenzi lapho sehla kakhulu isibalo sezisebenzi kusengezasemakhishini, lapho isibalo sezisebenzi lehla khona ngo-155 000 phakathi kwango-2019 nango-2024.

Noma iStats SA ingachazi ngesimo sasemakhishini, ezikhulunywa emigwaqweni zithi iyanda imindeni eziqashela abaphuma kwamanye amazwe, abanye babo abangekho kuleli zwe ngokusemthethweni. Bakhokhelwa imali engaphansi kwenqunywe wuhulumeni. Lolu hlobo lwezisebenzi alukho ohlwini lwabantu abacwaninga yiStats SA ngesimo semisebenzi.

Senyuka futhi nesibalo sabantu asebedikibele, bayeka ukubheka amathuba omsebenzi. Lafinyelela ku-3.3m ngo-2024 (u-2.8m). Isibalo sabaqashiwe lenyuka ngo-505 000 lafinyelela ku-16.9m (uwu-16.3m).

Umthwalo wokuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi usemahlombe abantu abamnyama kuleli zwe. Bawu-7.4m – wu-90% – wezisebenzi ezintula umsebenzi. Bayingxenye engaphezudlwana kwango-80% yeqoqo lezisebenzi.

Enye yezinkomba yokujula kwesimo semisebenzi wukuthi u-6.2m – u-76% – wabantu abantula imisebenzi sekuphele isikhathi esingangonyaka nangaphezulu bengasebenzi. Kulo mkhakha, izingxenye ezinkulu abantu bezifazane nabantu abangenamava omsebenzi (okuvame ukuthi kubeyintsha). Bangaphansana kuka-2m abanesikhathi esingaphansi konyaka bengasebenzi.

Ngokwamazinga emfundo, cishe u-50% wonke wabantu abangasebenzi abantu abangaqedanga esikoleni (abangaphasanga umatikuletsheni). Abaqede isikole kodwa abangafika esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme, bangaphezudlwana kwango-40% wabantu abantula umsebenzi.

Abafunda bedlulele ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme bawu-9.4% yabantula imisebenzi, isibalo esinyuka minyaka yonke. Loku kuyinkomba yokuncipha kwamathuba emisebenzi nokwanda kwabaqashi abangazithembi izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zezwe.

Enye ingxenye ethwele kanzima ngesimo sezemisebenzi yizisebenzi ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-34. Isibalo sabo sinyuka ngo-495 000 safinyelela ku-20.9m ngo-2024. Kuzokhumbuleka lapha ukuthi abanye abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 no-34 isezikoleni nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanti enye ingomantuntanendishi, amaNEET, okusho ukuthi not in employment, education or training.

Isibalo sezisebenzi (eziphakathi kuka-15 no-34) ebelisebenza phakathi kwango-2019 nango-2024 lehla ngo-162 000, kwathi elabantula umsebenzi senyuka ngo-705 000. Nabantu abasebenzayo, ingxenye enkulu yenza imisebenzi engadingi amakhono atheni, okuwuhlobo lwemisebenzi eholela kancane.

Noma amazinga emfundo esenze umehluko, iStats SA ikhomba ukuthi kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 no-34, isibalo sabantu abaphothule ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme, kodwa abentula imisebenzi, senyuke safinyelela ku-10.8% (u-9.4%).

I-Stats SA ayichazi ngaloku. Nokho eminye imibiko ikhomba ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu abasebasha abangena ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme yenza izifundo ezingahambisani nezidingo zabaqashi. Umsuka waloku wuhlobo lwezifundo abazenza esikoleni noluhambisana nohlobo namakhono othisha ezikoleni.

Le mininingwane ikhomba ukujula kodaba lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi nomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe uma lolu daba luzolungiswa.