Okuhlongozwa yiYurophu kuzoyilimaza i-Afrika, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
I-AFRIKA isazothwala kanzima njengoba amazwe asethuthukile kulindeleke ukuthi anciphise usizo abelunika leli zwekazi. Kusanda kubikwa ukuthi imbumba yamazwe aseYurophu, i-European Union, ihlongoza ukunciphisa noma ivale thaqa usizo lwemali esetshenziselwa ezempilo elunika amazwe asathuthuka.
Lezi zindaba zilandela isinqumo seMelika sokuvala ingxenye enkulu yosizo lwayo emazweni asathuthuka. Amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, phakathi kwawo okukhona neNgingizimu Afrika, ashayeke kakhulu ngesenzo sikaMnu uDonald Trump, umengameli waseMelika. Leli zwe alinawo amandla okuvala igebe elidalwe ukuvalwa kwemali iMelika ebixhasa ngalo izinhlelo zezempilo ezweni, ikakhulu ezizinze emanyuvesi.
Ngokunjalo, uma amazwe aseYurophu eqhubeka nalesi sinyathelo okubikwa ukuthi ayasicubungula, i-Afrika izothwala kanzima. Lezi zinyathelo zamazwe asethuthukile zisho ukuthi izwekazi lase-Afrika kuzofanele yandise imali eqoqwa ohulumeni ngentela ekhokhwa yizakhamuzi nosomabhizinisi.
Inkinga yamazwe ase-Afrika wukuthi aqoqa imali encane yentela kwizakhamuzi nosomabhazinisi uma eqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, ikakhulu asezingeni elifana ne-Afrika ngokwentuthuko. Phela intela yiyonandlela amazwe asethuthukile athola ngayo imali esetshenziswa ohulumeni. Imali yentela ithasiselwa ngemali ebolekwa ezimakethe zezimali.
Okwesibili, lezi zinguquko ezenziwa amazwe asethuthukile (iMelika neYurophu) ngosizo alunika amanye amazwe zenziwa ngesikhathi amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika ethwele kanzima ngezikweletu. Le mali ihambisana nenzalo emba eqolo.
Umthwalo omkhulu wezikweletu nenzalo yazo unciphisa inani lemali uhulumeni ongayisebenzisela izinhlelo zakhe. INingizimu Afrika iyisibonelo ngaloku.
Ngonyaka wezimali u-2024/25 iNingizimu Afrika yakhokha inzalo ewuR385.6 billion, inani eliphindwe ngaphezudlwana kwesishiyagalombili uma siqhathaniswa nenzalo uhulumeni ayikhokha ngonyaka ka-2000/01.
Ukwanda kwenzalo kudalwa ukwenyuka kwemali uhulumeni aseyebolekile kusukela ngo-2009. Uma kusetshenzisa isikalo womthamo womnotho, leli lizokweleta isamba esibalelwa ngaphezulu kwango-77% wengxenye ye-gross domestic product (i-GDP) ekupheleni kwango-2025/26. Ngo-2008/09, le ngxenye yayiwu-23.6%.
IBhange lomBuso lisanda kubika ukuthi ukunyuka kwenzalo ekhokhwa wuhulumeni wezwe sekusho ukwehla kwengxenye yemali eyabelwa ezemfundo, ezempilo, ukuthuthukisa umnotho, ukwakha nokuvuselela ingqalasizinda.
Yonke le mikhakha ibaluleke kakhulu ekusimameni komnotho wezwe nentuthuko yezwe. Ezemfundo zikhiqiza abantu abanamakhono adingwa amabhizinisi nohulumeni. Ezempilo ziphilisa isizwe – izisebenzi ezingaphilile azenzi umsebenzi osezingeni elifanele. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umnotho nengqalasizinda zandisa amathuba okukhula komnotho ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ukukhula kwawo kuphinde kwandise inani lentela uhulumeni ongaliqoqa.
Ukubhekana nobunzima ebuthwele ngezikweletu, i-Afrika iphezu komkhankaso wokulwisana nama-rating agency ewasola ngokuthi imibiko yawo yiyona eyenza abatshalimali bakhokhise i-Afrika inzalo enkulu kuneyamanye amazwe.
I-Afrika ikhononda ngokuthi ama-rating agency azinze emazweni asethuthukile awanalo ulwazi olujulile ngesimo samazwe alelizwekazi. Lokhu kwenza indlela abuka ngayo ingoi yokuthi amazwe angase ahluleke ukukhokha izikweletu ingahambisana nesimo okuyisona kula mazwe.
Ukukhala kwe-Afrika ngama-rating agency sekudale ukuthi i-African Union (AU) isungule eyayo i-rating agency. I-AU ithi i-rating agency yase-Afrika ayizubandlula amazwe ase-Afrika ngoba izoba nolwazi olunzulu ngesimo sonkana sezwekazi.
Loludaba selwethulwe naphambi kwezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba, iNhlangano yeZizwe ne-G20. I-G20, eholwa iNingizimu Afrika kulo nyaka, izobamba ingqungquthela yayo eSandton ngoNovemba.
Umsebenzi wama-rating agency ukucubungula ngesimo somnotho wezwe nokuphathwa kwalo, bese kubhekwa ukuthi ingakanani ingozi yokuthi uhulumeni walelozwe wehluleke ukumelana nezikweletu zakhe.
Kubalulekile ukuphatha izwe, okuhambisana namandla kahulumeni. Amandla kahulumeni okuqoqa intela ancike ezintweni ezintathu. Eyokuqala, yinhlobo yokuphatha izwe, ikakhulu ukuthi izakhamuzi zinalo yini izwi ekuphatheni izwe.
Eyesebili, yithemba lezakhamuzi ukuthi uhulumeni uzoyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele imali ayiqoqa ngentela.
Eyesithathu, yisimo sophiko lukahulumeni olubhekele ukuqoqa intela ezweni yiSouth African Revenue Service.
Ziningi izigameko lapho ohulumeni uphoqeka khona ukuthi uhoxise iziphakamiso ngentela – ukuyinyusa noma ukusungula uhlobo olusha – ngoba izakhamuzi ziphikisana nalezo ziphakamiso.
EKenya uhulumeni waphoqeka ngo-2024 ukuthi uhoxise iziphakamiso zokunyusa imali yentela emva kokuthi zisuse imibhikisho ezweni. NaseNingizimu Afrika, umNyango weziMali waphoqeka ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuthi umise ukunyusa intela ebanjwa ezimphahleni i-value-added tax emva kokukhala kwezakhamuzi.
Umbiko we-African Development Bank uveza ukuthi izwekazi lase-Afrika lisemuva kunamanye amazwekazi ngezinga lokuqoqa intela. Izwekazi lase-Afrika lonkana liqoqa intela eyingxenye engaphansi kwango-15% womthamo womnotho, okuyinani elingaphansi kwela mazwekazi ase-Latin America (23.9%) iYurophu ne-Asia (31.7%).
Ukuze i-Afrika imelane nezidingo zayo zentuthuko njengokwezinjongo zeNhlangano yeZizwe, kufanele angabe iqoqa intela engekho ngaphansi kwengxenye ye-GDP ewu-15% ngonyaka.
Uma i-EU iqhubeka nekuhlongozayo amazwe ase-Afrika azocindezelela kakhulu, aphoqeke ukuthi enyuse inani aliqoqa ngentela. Okwesibili, ababolekisa ngemali bazonyusa inzalo ngoba bethi amandla ala mazwe okukhokha izikweletu asethuntubezekile ngokunciphiswa kosizo oluphuma emazweni asethuthukile.
