Abantu abaswele umsebenzi basazoqhubeka bande, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ISIBALO sezisebenzi zaseNingizimu Afrika eziswele amathuba omsebenzi asizukushintsha, sizoba ngaphezu kwango-30%, kuze kufike unyaka u-2030, ngokombiko we-International Monetary Fund (i-IMF) okhishwe ekupheleni kwesonto elidlule.
Lo mbiko ukhishwa njalo ngonyaka emva kokuthi izikhulu ze-IMF zivakashele izwe eliyilungu lale nhlangano, zixoxisane nezikhulu zikahulumeni, osomabhizinisi, abezinyunyana neBhange loMbuso.
I-IMF ithi izinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kubeka leli zwe endaweni yesibili ohlwini lwamazwe awu-110. Iphinde ixwayise ngokuthi izinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi libeka leli zwe engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yizibhelu.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi esinye sezizathu esabekwa wongoti abaqokwa wumengameli uMnu uCyril Ramaphosa ukucwaninga ngomsuka wezibhelu zangoJulayi wango-2021 kwabayizinga lenhlupheko ezweni.
Inhlupheko ihambisana nokuntuleka kwamathuba emisebenzi, ikakhulu lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu abantula umsebenzi sebeneminyaka behleli emakhaya. INingizimu Afrika inezisebenzi eziningi eseziqede unyaka nangaphezulu zingawutholi umsebenzi.
Lo mbiko we-IMF ukhomba nokuthi awukho umehluko ozobonakala ngezinga lokukhula komnotho wezwe. Sekuphele iminyaka ewu-15 umnotho wakuleli zwe ukhula ngezinga eliphansi, elingenele ukunyusa ukudaleka kwamathuba emisebenzi adingekayo. Ngokwe-IMF, izinga lokukhula komnotho weNingizimu Afrika alizukudlula u-2% ngonyaka kuze kushaye u-2030.
Ukwanda kwamathuba omsebenzi kuhambisana nezinga lokukhula komnotho. Izinga eliphansi lokukhula komnotho lisho ukuthi amathuba azodaleka ngeke enele inani labantu abawadingayo, kuthi izinga eliphezulu linyuse elokwanda kwemisebenzi.
Abacwaninga ngomnotho wezwe bathi leli zwe lidinga izinga lokukhula komnotho elingaphezu kwa-3% ngonyaka – okuyinto okudingeka yenzeke iminyaka engekho ngaphansi kweshumi ilandelana.
Umthwalo omkhulu wokusweleka kwemisebenzi usemahlombe abantu abaqala ukubheka umsebenzi, okungabantu abasanda kuqeda esikoleni. Leli qoqo lihlanganisa abantu abashiya bengakaqedi isikole nabafinyelele kuMatikuletsheni kodwa abangadlulelanga emanyuvesi noma ezikhungweni zokuqeqeshelwa amakhono.
Phakathi kwangoJulayi nangoSepthemba 2024, ingxenye yababentula umsebenzi kwakungabantu abaqalayo ukubheka umsebenzi (abawu-43.4%), abasanda kulahlekelwa umsebenzi (abawu-26.9%) nabaneminyaka emihlanu balahlekelwa umsebenzi (abawu-22.5%). Isibalo sabantu abasebeqede unyaka nangaphezulu bengasebenzi, okuyinkomba yesimo esinzima sokusweleka kwemisebenzi ezweni belibalelwa ngaphezu kwango-76%. Selehlile kancane kunesimo sango-2021, lapho lafinyelela ku-80%.
Ingxenye yezakhamuzi ethathwa njengeqoqo lezisebenzi ezweni isuselwe kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 kuya kwewu-64. Osefike kwewu-65, akabalwa ngoba usefike eminyakeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Kwenziwa loku noma sebandile abantu abaqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kugobe iqolo noma kunqabe amadolo noma abanye babo bevame ukwehlisa izinsuku noma amahora abawasebenzayo.
Kuleli qoqo (labano-15 no-64) kukhishwa labo abasesikoleni, ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme nezokuqeqeshela amakhono. Inani elisalayo libeselithathwa njengelabantu lapho izisebenzi zezwe zizophuma khona.
Lehluka kathathu-ke leli qoqo: abantu abaqashiwe, abentula amathuba emisebenzi nabathathwa ngokuthi sebeyekile ukuthungatha umsebenzi.
Noma singeke sigxile kakhulu kuloku kodwa abantu abaqashiwe bayahluka ngokuya kwezinhlobo zomsebenzi abawutholayo. Kukhona abaqashwe ngokwezinkontileka zesikhashana, abasebenza kwezolimo, lapho amathuba omsebenzi ehambisana nokutshala nokuvuna izitshalo, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo akubi okwenyanga nenyanga. Kukhona-ke nezinye izinhlobo.
Kwabantula amathuba omsebenzi nakhona kunemikhakha yakhona, esingabalula abantu abaphansi phezulu befuna umsebenzi nabathathwa ngokuthi sebeyekile ukufesa.
Uma bebekwa eceleni asebeyekile ukufuna umsebenzi ziwu-32% izisebenzi zakuleli zwe eziswele umsebenzi, okuyisibalo esibeka leli zwe isibili emhlabeni jikelele kwezezinga labantu abantula umsebenzi.
Lo mthwalo uhleli kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24. Ingxenye yaleli qoqo (labo abangekho esikoleni, kwezemfundo ephakeme nakwizikhungo zokuqeqeshelwa amakhono) abantula imisebenzi ibalelwa ngaphezulu kuka-60%. Babalelwa ku-40% abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-25 newu-34 abaswele umsebenzi.
I-IMF yexwayisa ngokuthi ukuqhubeka kwezinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka komsebenzi nokungalingani kwamathuba okuzithuthukisa ngezinga lezempilo kubeka leli zwe engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yizibhelu.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi leli zwe selike lahlaselwa yizibhelu ngoJulayi 2021 ezadala umonakalo omkhulu owashiya amanye amabhizinisi evalwe unomphelo. Lo monakalo wacishe waqumba phansi inkampani kahulumeni edayisa umshwalense wezibhelu iSouth African Special Risk Insurance Association.
Le nkampani yakhokha uR30.7 billion ngenxa yalo monakalo, okwavula igebe elikhulu ezimalini zayo, kwadingeka ukuthi umNyango weZimali uyixhase ngoR22bn.
Ongoti abaqokwa wumengameli ukuthi baphenye ngomsuka wezibhelu babika ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokuswela umsebenzi, ikakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 kwaba ngesinye sezizathu ezabhebheza umlilo wezibhelu. Izibhelu zaqutshulwa wukuboshwa kukaMnu uJacob Zuma, owayewumengameli wezwe.
Labo ongoti baxwayisa ngokuthi uhulumeni kufanele asukumele isimo sokusweleka komsebenzi nenhlupheko ezweni. Baxwayisa ngokuthi uma zingasukunyelwa ngokushesha lezi zinkinga, izibhelu ezifana nezangoJulayi wango-2021 zizobuye ziphindeke.
Umbiko we-IMF ukhomba ukuthi akukho zivuno ezibonakalayo kusukela ngo-2021 mayelana nokunciphisa isibalo sabantu abaswele umsebenzi. Akukho mehluko otheni ozobakhona futhi kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo.
