Ukwanda kwabantu ababhemayo kuzothwalisa kanzima ezempilo eNingizimu Afrika, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ININGIZIMU Afrika izobhekana nenkinga yokwanda kwabantu ababhemayo, ikakhulu abesilisa, okuzolandelwa wukunyuka kwezinga lomdlavuza njengoba ukubhema kungenye yezinto ezidala lesi sifo.
Njengoba iningi labantu ababhemayo kungabahola kancane nabantula imisebenzi, ukwanda komdlavuza kuzobawumthwalo wezempilo ezingaphansi kukahulumeni. Lo mkhakha wezempilo awukho esimweni esihle njengoba sekuphele iminyaka engaphezulu kweyishumi ezempilo zikahulumeni zintenga ngenxa yesimo sezimali nokushoda kwezisebenzi ezinamakhono, odokotela namanesi.
Imibiko yeWorld Health Organization (iWHO) ikhomba ukuthi isibalo sabantu besilisa ababhemayo eNingizimu Afrika sizonyuka ngo-2030. Ngokombiko wale nhlangano wango-2025 ngesimo sokubhema emhlabeni jikelele, ingxenye ewu-20.8% yabantu bakuleli zwe babebhema ugwayi ngo-2000. Leli nani belinyuka minyaka yonke – libekwa ku-23.2% ngo-2025. Kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ku-23.7% ngo-2030.
Loku kunyuka kwesibalo sabantu ababhemayo kuholwa ngabantu besilisa. Ingxenye yabo ebhemayo yayiwu-33.5% ngo-2000. Kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-40.5% ngo-2030. Ingxenye yabantu besifazane kulindeleke ukuthi yehle isuka ku-10% (2000) ifinyelele ku-8.2% ngo-2030.
Inkinga yaleli zwe wukwanda kogwayi ongekho emthethweni. Ngamanye amazwi ugwayi oshushumbiswayo uzongeniswa ezweni ngaphandle kokulandela imigudu efanele nowenziwa emakhosombeni usuwandile. Ngenxa yokuthi labogwayi abakhokhi intela i-excise tax bashibhe kakhulu kunogwayi odayiswa ngokusemthethweni. Izinga labo lokuphepha liphansi kakhulu kunelogwayi abenziwe ngokusemthethweni.
Sikhuluma nje enye yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni iBritish American Tobacco isanda kumemezela ukuthi izovala ifemu yayo eNingizimu Afrika ekupheleni konyaka ngoba ayisakwazi ukuncintisana nogwayi ongekho emthethweni. Ibika ukuthi u-75% wonke wogwayi obhenywa kuleli zwe bahamba ngemigudu engekho emthethweni.
Ifemu yale nkampani eseHeidelburg, eGauteng, isikhiqiza ogwayi abawu-35% womthamo le femu eyayakhelwe wona.
Ukwanda kogwayi abengekho emthethweni sekunciphise imali etholwa wuhulumeni ngentela. Noma umNyango weziMali ungahambisani nokuthi imali yentela eqoqwa ngokuthengiswa kukagwayi ibekwe eceleni ukuze yabelwe ezempilo ezibhekene nezinkinga ezidalwa wukubhema, le mali yentela ibawusizo olukhulu kwiSabelomali.
Kusukela ngesikhathi uDkt uNkosazana Dlamini-Zuma ewungqongqoshe wezempilo, leli zwe selenyusa inani lentela ekhokha ngephakathe likagwayii. Ephaketheni likagwayi abawu-20, obhemayo ukhokha intela ewuR22.81.
Sekuyiminyaka nokho ongoti kwezentela bekhomba ukuthi ukunyusa inani lentela kagwayi kuvula ithuba lokwanda kukagwayi oshushumbiswayo. Miningi imibiko ekhomba ukuthi abanye ogwayi abangekho emthethweni ezweni badayisa ngenani elingaphansi kukaR22.81, inani lentela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani ezisebenza ngokulandela imithetho yezwe, nezikhokha lentela, azisakwazi ukuncintisana nalolu hlobo lukagwayi.
Ukwanda kukagwayi ongekho emthethweni kuhambisana nokwanda kobugebengu obuhleliwe, lapho amaqembu ezigebengu eshushumbisa khona ugwayi ewungenisa ezweni noma avule amafemu angekho emthethweni enza lo gwayi.
Njengoba kunekiwe kwiKhomishina kaMadlanga sekwandile ukubola lwenkohlakalo emaphoyiseni okuyiwona okufanele ngabe alwa nalesi sihlava.
Izinga lalabogwayi liphansi kakhulu kunelogwayi owenziwa emafemini asemthethweni noma abangena ezweni ngokusemthethweni. Kusolwa ukuthi ogwayi abangekho emthethweni babuye bafakwe nezinye izinto ezenza abababhemayo bakhungeke ukuze babengamakhasimende eminyaka.
Phezu kwezinkinga zezempilo ezidalwa wukubhema inani lemali eqoqwa ngentela liyehla. Kulo nyaka wezimali (u-2025/26) kulindeleke ukuthi kuqoqwe uR8.1 billion ngentela kagwayi, inani elingaphansi kwelango-2024/25 (R9bn). Imali esiqoqiwe phakathi kwango-Ephreli noDisemba wango-2025 iwuR4.9bn, inani eliphansi kwelesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2024 (uR5.7bn). Loku kukhomba ukuthi kuzobawumqansa omkhulu kwiSouth African Revenue Service ukufinyelela kuR8.1bn ekupheleni konyaka wokuqoqa intela (uMashi).
Lesi simo sokwanda kwabantu ababhemayo futhi abasebenzisa ogwayi izinga labo lokuphepha eliphansi kakhulu kuzokwandisa izinkinga zezempilo.
Umbiko weWHO ngesimo somdlavuza emhlabeni jikele okhishwe kuleli sonto ukhombisa ukuthi u-37.8% wemidlavuza idalwa yizinto ezingavikeleka.
Ukubhema kwiyingxenye enkulu yaloku (u-15.1%), kulandelwe wukugula (u-10.2%), kuthi ukuphuza utshwala kubewu-3.2%. Yingakho nje imidlavuza yamaphaphu, isisu nesibeletho iyingxenye ecishe ifinyelele ku-50% wemidlavuza engavikeleka. Umdlavuza wesibeletho kwabesifazane udalwa wuhlobo oluthile lwegciwane.
Umbiko weWHO uthi ukunciphisa amathuba okuthi izakhamuzi zibheme, ziphuze utshwala nokuthola leli gciwane lesibeletho yisona sinyathelo ohulumeni abangasithatha ukuze behlise ukwanda kwesifo somdlavuza.
Le mininingwane ikhomba inkinga enkulu leli zwe elizobhekana nayo eminyaka ezayo, ngesikhathi esezempilo ezingaphansi kukahulumeni zingekho esimweni sokumelana nomthwalo ozodalwa yilezi zinkinga.
