NJENGOBA isikhathi siya sihamba, abantu abaningi bayambuleleka ngobudlelwano phakathi kwebhola nemigomongqangi yezomnotho. Lo budlelwano bungaba obuqondile noma obuphambene nehlombe kodwa abulawuleki. Ngenxa yaloko, noma ngabe uwusomnotho noma umbhali wezemidlalo, akulula ukuqonda noma ukuqagula ngezezimali ebholeni.
Ngakho-ke ibhola lithathwa njengendlela enhlakanhlaka yebhizinisi. Akukho nancazelo engachaza isimo sebhola ngolimi olulula olungaqondwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Umthombo wemali ebholeni uhlala ugobhoza kungakhathalekile ukuthi kwenzekani kwezomnotho ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele. Singenza isibonelo ngamaqembu ebhola ase-Argentina namanye amaqembu afana neTP Mazembe yaseDRC asaqhubeka nokungenisa imali kungakhathalekile ukuthi umnotho uyawa noma cha.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwandile ukudayiswa kwamaqembu ebhola eNingizimu Afrika. Kokunye kwaloku kudayiselana, abanikazi bamaqembu adlala emazingeni aphansi bathenga ilungelo lokudlala esigabeni esikhulu, bese amaqembu bewathuthela emajukujukwini.
Okusematheni kulezi zinsuku wukuthengwa kweBidvest Wits, ithengwa yiqembu laseVenda ebelidlala kwiNational First Division (iNFD) iTshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila. Loku kuholele ekutheni owayengumdlali uMatthew Booth acele ibhodi yabaphathi bePremier Soccer League (iPSL) ukuthi “babuyekeze indaba yokudayiswa kwezitifiketi zamaqembu”.
Yize kunezikhalo, usihlalo wePSL uMnu u-Irvin Khoza umile kwelokuthi le nhlangano ayinamandla okugxambukela ezindabeni zokudayiswa nokuthengwa kwezitifiketi. Kusukela kwasungulwa iPSL, amaqembu afana naMaZulu, iMamelodi Sundowns, iBloemfontein Celtic, iHighlands Park neCape Town City nawo ake athinteka endabeni yokudayiselana.
Lilonke ngokwentatheli yeCity Press uDaniel Mothowagae ukudayiselana kweWits neTshakhuma bekungokweshumi kuthengiswa iqembu lePSL eminyakeni emine eyedlule. Uma sesibala okweHighlands Park nokwaMazulu, izibalo ziya ku-12. Ukudayiswa kwakamuva kwamaqembu ebhola kuyaxwayeka, ikakhulu uma ubheka isimo somnotho wezwe odonsa kanzima.
Njengakwezinye izindawo emhlabeni, lokhu kudayiselana akuhambisani nemithetho yezomnotho – ikakhulukazi ngalesi sikhathi lapho izinkampani ezinkulu zidiliza, ezinye zivala, ngenxa yesimo esinzima somnotho.
Emhlabeni wonke, usiko ebholeni seludlulwe wukubaluleka kwezimali nodumo. Lokhu yinto abadla ngayo abatshalimali “abahle” “nababi”. Lapha singabala izinkampani ezinkulu, amaqola nezigilamkhuba, njengoba kwenzeka ngeminyaka yama-70s nama-80s ngenkathi imboni yebhola eColumbia nase-Italy yaphenduka inkundla “yezimpisi”.
Imboni yebhola yakuleli nayo ayivikelekile kokwenzeka ezingeni lomhlaba. Kulokhu intatheli uSibusiso Mjikeliso ekubiza “ngendali yemakethe yasemgwaqeni yokudayisa nokuthengwa kwamaqembu amakhulu”, kushiya imibuzo eminingi ukudayiswa kwamaqembu. Ngabe kwenzeka ngenxa yebhizinisi noma ngenxa yebhola? Noma kunezinye izizathu ezicashile; njengokushushumbisa imali?
Ngaphandle kobufakazi, kunzima ukugagula ukuthi kungani abantu bethenga amaqembu ebhola. Kodwa umlando ezindaweni ezifana neLatin America nezinye izingxenye ze-Europe uveza ukuthi imboni yebhola ingaba yinkundla yobugebengu ezweni nakwamanye amazwe. Ngale kobufakazi, kodwa la ngizovele ngigagule ukuthi le “ndali yemakethe yasemgwaqeni yokudayiswa nokuthengwa kwamaqembu amakhulu” kungenzeka ukuthi ihambisana nobugebengu bokushintshisana ngemali esibubona ezindabeni nokunye.
Yize eyemnotho ebholeni kuyisihloko esibucayi esithinta abanikazi bamaqembu bakwamanye amazwe befaka imali kumaligi amakhulu emhlabeni, ukucisha izikweletu zibe yimali ukubalekela imithetho eqinile, ikakhulu e-Europe, lo mbono ngeke ugxile kwezezimali, nobubi nobuhle bazo. Kunaloko, ngizoveza umbono wokuthi loku kudayiswa kwamaqembu kwakamuva ezweni kumele kufakelwe izibuko, ikakhulukazi uma sibheka isimo somnotho, nanokuthi izenzo ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe zivame ukweyamaniswa nenkohlakalo, ukushushumbiswa kwemali nezidakamizwa, njalo-njalo.
Ibhola nokuhweba
Embikweni osihloko sithi “Ukushushumbiswa kwemali ngebhola” (Julayi 2009), iFinancial Action Task Force yaveza ukuthi “izigebengu zihlale zithola izindlela ezintsha zokushushumbisa imali eyenziwa ngendlela engekho emthethweni futhi ezemidlalo ngenye yezindima ezisengcupheni yokungenwa yimali yobugebengu”. Lo mbiko wabala ibhola, umjaho wezimoto ne-basketball njengezimboni okulula ukuthi zisetsheniselwe umnotho wezigilamkhuba.
Ibhola yiwona mdlalo omkhulu kunayo yonke emazweni amaningi nasemhlabeni jikelele – abadlali bangaphezulu kuka-38 million, onompempe nabasizi babo bawu-5 million nabalandeli abangaphezu kuka-3.5 billion. Uma kukhulunywa ngezezimali, imboni yebhola ingenise imali elinganiselwa ku-€28.9 billion (R551.6 billion) ngesizini ka-2018/19. Lapha ekhaya, imali yokuxhasa esanda kufakwa yiDSTV ebholeni lakuleli ilinganiselwa kuR600 million ngesizini.
Izindodla zemali ebholeni zaholela ekutheni i-UEFA ibeke imithetho eyaziwa ngeFinancial Fair Play, emaqenjini ase-Europe, ukunqanda “ukusetshenziswa budlabha kwemali” egameni lebhola.
Ibhola aliwona nje umdlalo: ibhola nomnotho wobugebengu
Njengoba sesike sachaza, okwenzeke eLatin America nase-Europe kusembulele ngokufakwa kwemali engcolile emaqenjini eminyakeni edlule. Lokhu kubandakanya ukungena kukaPablo Escobar ebholeni. U-Escobar wayengumholi weqembu lemigulukudu iMedellin Cartel futhi eyisikhulu sokushushumbiswa kwezidakamizwa eColumbia ngama-1970s nama-1990s.
Ngaleyo ndlela kuwukuba neqiniso ukugagula ukuthi kuningi okujulile okufihliwe endabeni yokudayiswa kwamaqembu ebhola eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngonyaka odlule kubikwe i-ANC eNorthern Cape ifuna ukutshala uR30 million wemali yomphakathi ukuthenga iqembu lebhola kulesiya sifundazwe. Loku kusho ukuthi imali yamathenda ilinganiswa nengcebo eyenziwa ngezidakamizwa, ukuze kuhlanganiswe imali engcolile nodumo lwebhola – kushushumbiswe imali. Vele, laba abafuna kuthengwe iqembu lebhola eNorthern Cape bazobala izinto ezingathi shu njengezokuvakasha nezikaqedisizungu.
EColombia, ukwenza isibonelo, amaqembu amaningi aqale ukuthwala kanzima uma sekume ukungena kwemali yabashushumbisi bezidakamizwa. Engabe lokhu kusho ukuthi amaqembu ebhola kuleli nawo angawa uma kungavalwa umpompi ongenisa imali eyenza amaqembu adayiswe okwamagwinya ashisayo kwiPSL?
Ibhola laseNingizimu Africa nezezimali
Imithetho yezezimali elawula ibhola laseNingizimu Afrika yimfihlo eqondwa yingcosana. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi kungene izenzo zobugebengu. Isibonelo: Izitatimende zezimali zamaqembu ebhola ziyimfihlo, akekho okwaziyo ukuzithola azifakele izibuko. Ngonyaka odlule iPSL yabika ukuthi ithole “inzuzo” ewu-R1 billion kubaxhasi kuphela. Kubonakala sengathi amaqembu athembele kakhulu emalini ayithola kwiPSL nakubaxhasi kunasezindaweni ezilandelekayo njengokudayisa amathikithi, izimpahla nezinye izinto eziyibhizinisi. Kodwa ngeshwa amaqembu amancane ayehluleka ukunxenxa abaxhasi. Umbuzo-ke uthi: Engabe la maqembu azikhokhela kanjani izindleko zawo okulula ukuthi zeqe ku-R1 million ngenyanga?
Njengoba iWits ithuthela eLimpopo neHighlands Park endaweni eyayaziwa ngeKwaNdebele, kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ngabe la maqembu azokwazi yini ukumelana nezindleko njengoba nawo ebalwa njengamaqembu amancane, angabalulekile futhi ahlulekayo wukudonsa izinkumbi zabalandeli emidlalweni yawo. ILimpopo yisifundazwe esithembele kakhulu emnothweni kahulumeni, ziyindlala izimboni.
Ngakho-ke ukumbondelana kwamaqembu enhla nezwe nasezindaweni ezisemaphandleni eNingizimu Afrika akuzwakali. Nangale kwalokho, imiholo nezinye izindleko zamaqembu amakhulu njengokugibela izindiza, ukulungisa indawo yokuhlala nezokuthutha kuyafana kuwona wonke amaqembu. Izindlela zokungenisa imali emaqenjini zimbalwa, ngakho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani zikhathaza umoya.
Lo mbhalo ubheke kakhulu izinto ezisobala, kodwa ezezimali ebholeni yinto ecashile. Mhlawumbe iziphathimandla kuzomele zibuke ngeso elibanzi ukuxhasa iligi enkulu kweDSTV, imali yeMTN, ubudlelwano phakathi kweGladAfrica nesigaba sesibili neqhaza leSpar kuMaZulu. Izinkampani ezinkulu zaziwa ngokuphonsa imali nokuthatha izinqumo ezimangazayo.
Ezinye zalezi zinkampani ziyasoleka, kwezinye izinto, kumathenda akhishwe ubushompeshompe, ukushushinjiswa kwemali isiwe emazweni aphesheya ukubalekela intela, nokubandanyeka kwabaqondisi bazo ezenzweni eziphambene nomthetho.
Ukungena kwazo ebholeni kuqubula imibuzo kanti kungaba yizindaba ezisematheni uma kungagunyazwa ukuthi kuphenywe kabanzi. Kuyishwa ukuthi amaHawks, iCompetition Commission, iNPA nezintatheli eziphenyayo, bayayiziba le ndaba.
Imali ka-Escobar eshisayo yaguqula ibhola laseColombia ngesikhathi i-Atletico Nacional inqoba indebe yeCopa Libertadores yaphinde yanxenxa abadlali abavutha uphondo baseColumbia nabakwamanye amazwe. Ibhola laseColumbia lashintsha. Ngaleyo ndlela, “ukudayiswa kwamathikithi, imiholo yabadlali nezinkontileka zokusakaza ezimba eqolo zenza kube lula ezigebengwini ezinkulu ukushushumbisa imali”. Cishe abaxhasi bebhola bakuleli basika iphethini ku-Escobar nabanye abashushumbisi bezidakamizwa baphesheya.
Ngelinye ilanga ibhola laseNingizimu Afrika lizotheleka ngehlazo elikhulu. Uyongibuza ungiphale ulimi!
Siyayibanga le economy!
- Hadebe uphawula ngezinto ezenzeka emphakathini.