Kuzohlomula iNingizimu Afrika ngesikhumulo esisha seLNG, kuloba uZakhele Madela
NGESONTO elidlule kuqopheke umlando eNingizimu Afrika emkhakheni wezamandla. I-ExxonMobil South Africa LNG neZululand Energy Terminal (iZET) basayine isisekelo sesivumelwano sokusungula isikhumulo se-liquified natural gas (iLNG) eRichards Bay, KwaZulu-Natali.
Ngemva kokusayina lesi sivumelwano izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika eziningi ziyazibuza ukuthi ngabe kuhle noma kubi lokhu. Lesi sinyathelo kufanele sibukwe ngeso le nkinga eke yakhungatha iNingizimu Afrika yokucinywa kukagesi, phecelezi i-load shedding, ophehlwa ngamalahle.
FUNDA NALAPHA: Isivumelwano nge-liquefied natural gas siyinqubekelaphambili – ingqapheli
Ongoti bemboni yezamandla nogesi bavumelana ngokuthi kufanele kuncishiswe ukusebenzisa amalahle ukuvikela umhlaba ekungcoleni okubanga ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Kudala ngaphambi kokuthi kudlange ukukopolota izinkampani zikahulumeni eNingizimu Afrika ukuze kudle abathile, le gas ibikhiqizwa yiSasol.
Asiqale ekuqaleni: Yini iLNG? I-LNG yi-gas ephuma ngaphansi komhlaba ewuketshezi njengamanzi kodwa ecindezelwe emiphongolweni eqinile ebizwa ngama-pressure vessel noma ama-pressure bullet, ama-sphere noma ama-tanker, esiwabona emigwaqeni nasolwandle emikhunjini, ukuze ingabuyeli ekubeni yi-gas uma nje isengaphakathi kwamandla amakhulu. Ibanda kakhulu isemazingeni okubanda angaphansi kuka-O° (o -128 °C, u-6 bar), kakhulu, yingakho imiphongolo yenziwa ngensimbi eqinile.
Umbuzo uthi ngabe iNingizimu Afrika iyayidinga yini iLNG. Yebo, izwe liyayidinga iLNG ngoba uma ingekho kuyofanele siqhubeke sishise amalahle. Manje umhlaba uvumelana ngokuthi kuncishiswe ukusebenzisa amalahle okuyingxenye yohlelo i-2050 Net Zero. I-2050 Net Zero yisivumelwano sokwehlisa izimboni ezikhafula ukungcola nemfucuza yemilotha namalahle okungcolisa izwe nemifula kuze kuyofika olwandle.
Siyidinga isibili le-gas ngenxa yokuthi ziningi izimboni eziyisebenzisayo okubalwa kuzona izimboni ezidinga ukushisa okukhulu, izibhedlela nezindawo zokupheka ukudla.
Kuzokhunjulwa ukuthi eminyakeni edlule i-gas ibivela eSasol. Nokho iSasol isikhiqiza i-gas encane manje ngenxa yokuvala izimboni ezisebenzisa amalahle kanti enye i-gas iSasol ebiyithola eMozambique izophela ngo-2028/29.
Manje i-gas eningi itholakala kwamanye amazwe, okubalwa kuwona iQatar, iMelika, iSaudi Arabia, iNigeria, iMozambique, i-Algeria, iLibya, iTanzania neNamibia. Indlela elula yokuyiletha wukuthi ijikwe ibeyiLNG bese uma isifikile ishintshwa iba yi-gas futhi.
Ukusayina isivumelwano phakathi kwe-ExxonMobil neZET kuqinisekisa ukuthi iTransnet isinenkampani ezoyithengisela iLNG bese ukuthi usayina kwe-Eskom kusho ukuthi isinomthengi weLNG omkhulu kungakhathalekile ukuthi nezimboni ezincane zizoyithenga le LNG. Lezi zivumelwano ezimbili zisho ukuthi sesingakhiwa isikhumulo seLNG ngoba kukhona oqinisekisayo ukuthi sibekhona (i-Exxon Mobil) bese kubanozoyithenga ngobuningi (i-Eskom) futhi namakhasimende ezokwanda.
Kafushane kusho ukuthi izinkampani ezihlangene kulo mbhidlango bese kubanomsebenzi ohlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu.
Isigaba sokuqala kuzobayimikhumbi ezoma echwebeni lolwandle kushintshwa iLNG ibeyi-gas bese ithunyelwe esikhumulweni seZET.
Isigaba sesibili kuzobayimboni enkulu ezokwakheka ezweni esikhumulweni seZET, okuzovela imisebenzi eminingi kuyona.
Esigabeni sesithathu kuyothi mhla isiza ngobuningi iLNG eRichards Bay kuyoba uthelawayeka lapho sekushintshwa ipayipi elikhulu elibizwa nge-Lily Pipeline ebeliletha i-gas yeSasol noma yaseMozambique eKZN lapho sekuphenduke amatafula sekuyiKZN ehambisa i-gas ezifundazweni ezisenhla nezwe naseThekwini.
Lo kuyobawumbhidlango omkhulu lapho iRichards Bay isiwumakhonya wokuthumela i-gas eGauteng, eMpumalanga, eFree State, eNorth West naseLimpopo).
Kakade imali ayitshalwa emsebenzini wengqalasizinda lingekho ikhasimende eliqinisekisa ukuthi lizothenga noma lingenaye ozokwesekela ngenhla. Yingakho izivumelwane no-Exxon Mobile ne-Eskom ziyisendlalela sokwakha le mboni yeLNG. Akufani nokwakha izinxanxathela zezitolo lapho ovele ubuke ukuthi baningi kangakanani abantu abazothenga. Emisebenzini yalolu hlobo ezimbonini kufanele ikhasimende lizibophezele ngaphambi kokuthi kufakwe imali yokwakha imboni.
Okunye okuhle ngokusayina lezi zivumelwano kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni eziningi ezisebenzisa i-gas sezizoyithola kanti nezwe ngeke lisabanenkinga yokucishwa kukagesi phakathi kwango 2032 kuya ngo-2035.
Nomnotho wezwe uzohlomula kahle, ikakhulu owaseKZN, owaseMpumalanga Kapa nowaseNtshonalanga Kapa, lapho zizobakhona izikhumulo zeLNG.
Izinkomba zithi kuzoqala isikhumulo seLNG neziphehli zokukhiqiza ugesi eRichards Bay, kulandele iMpumalanga Kapa bese kuza iNtshonalanga Kapa.
Isikhumulo seLNG eRichards Bay wumsebenzi omkhulu eNingizimu Afrika, obhekwe wumhlaba wonke ngisho iMelika, iQatar, i-United Arabs Emirates neSaudi Arabia imbala.
Lo msebenzi weZET uma uhlangene nemboni yokukhiqiza ugesi ulinganiselwa ngaphezu kukaR70 billion eminyakeni ewu-20 ezayo.
