Nakuba abantu besifazane benegama elihle lokukhokha izikweletu kodwa bakweletelwa kancane, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

AMABHIZINISI amancane asungulwa noma aphethwe ngabantu besifazane awatholi ukusekwa ngezimali okufanele, kutholakala ukuthi asilele emuva kunamanye phezu kobufakazi beminyaka eyishumi bokuthi osomabhizinisi besifazane bamagange ukukhokhela izikweletu zabo ukudlula abanye osomabhizinisi.

Loku kuvezwa wucwaningo lwe-International Finance Corporation (i-IFC), uphiko lweWorld Bank Group olusebenzisana namabhizinisi azimele. Eminye imikhakha yeWorld Bank isebenzisana nohulumeni kuphela.

I-IFC isebenzisana izinkampani ezibolekisa ngezimali (phakathi kwazo okunamabhange) nezemishwalense ezingaphezu kweziwu-800 emhlabeni jikelele. Iboleka lezi zinkampani imali bese zona eziboleka osomabhizinisi abazimele.

I-IFC ithi ibhizinisi lomuntu wesifazane yilelo ewumnikazi ka-51% webhizinisi noma enevoti eliwu-51% noma lapho enevoti eliwu-20%, lapho kunowesifazane ongesinye sezikhulu eziphezulu (okungabayi-chief executive officer, i-chief operating officer, umengameli noma isekela likamengameli nalapho abesifazane bengekho ngaphansi kuka-30% wamalunga ebhodi.

Kuhlobo lwamabhizinisi angabhalisiwe, noma angalandeli yonke imithetho yezwe elawula ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi, i-IFC ithi amabhizinisi abantu besifazane yilapho owesifazane noma abesifazane bephethe khona noma bengabanikazi bebhizinisi. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe emazweni awu-119 asathuthuka, okuyiqoqo lamazwe elifaka namazwe ase-Afrika.

FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2026/07/02/badonsa-kanzima-abaneminyaka-ewu-35-kuya-kwewu-55-ucwaningo/

I-IFC ibika ukuthi amabhizinisi asungulwe noma aphethwe abantu besifazane awu-33.3% wohlobo lwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Kodwa ingxenye yemali ekweletwa yila mabhizinisi amabhange nezinye izinkampani ezibolekisa ngezimali ezisebenzisana ne-IFC iwu-19% kuphela wemali ekweletwa lezi zinkampani.

Uma kucutshungulwa imininingwane ngamabhizinisi asilele emuva ngokukhokha izikweletu, amabhizinisi abantu besifazane anerekhodi elingcono kunelamabhizinisi amancane onke.

Le mininingwane isebenzisa isikali esaziwa ngokuthi phecelezi, ama-non-performing loan, okuyisikali sezimali  zonke ezikweletwa ibhange.

Ucwaningo lwe-IFC lukhombisa isikali sezimali zonke ezikweletwa ibhange ngosomabhizinisi besifazane  awu-3.6%, okuyizinga elingaphansana kunelosomabhizinisi bonke abasafufusayo (eliwu-3.8%).

_{Osomabhizinisi besifazane bakhokha kahle ukudlula osomabhizinisi abancane bebonke}

I-IFC ithi lesikali siyinkomba yokuthi osomabhizinisi besifazane bamagange ukukhokha izikweletu zabo, okuyinto efakazelwa yimininingwane yeminyaka eyishumi.  

Lesi sikali sibheka amabhizinisi osekudlule izinyanga ezintathu, nangaphezulu, engakhokhi lutho ngenyanga njengokwesivumelwano sesikweletu.

Lesi sikali siyinkomba yokuthi lelo bhizinisi selisengcupheni yokuhluleka ukukhokha isikweletu. Kwababolekisa ngemali, njengebhange, lesi sikali sisetshenziswa ukukala inani labakweleta imali (njengamabhizinisi namanye amakhasimende) osekuphele izinyanga ezintathu bengakhokhi izikweletu. Abalawula ukusebenza kwamabhange nabantu abathenga amasheya amabhange basicubungula kakhulu lesi sikali.

Phezu kwale mininingwane ekhomba ukuthi abantu besifazane bamagange ukukhokha izikweletu zabo basemuva ekutholeni izikweletu. Kutholakala ukuthi ngo-2024, kuma-loans ayekhishwe amabhange nezinye izinkampani ezibolekisa ngemali, amabhizinisi abantu besifazane ayeno-19% kuphela uma kuthathwa inani lezikweletu ngokwamadola.

Kutholakala nokuthi izikweletu ezanikwa abantu besifazane zincane ngo-28% uma ziqhathaniswa nezikweletu ezivame ukunikwa amabhizinisi amancane.

Noma i-sub-Saharan Africa, ingconywana kunamanye amazwekazi, kodwa idlulwa amazwekazi ase-East Asia and Pacific ne-South Asia ngokunika abantu besifazane izikweletu. Osomabhizinisi besifazane basesub-Saharan Africa bathola u-22% yezikweletu zonke ezinikwa amabhizinisi amancane.

Amazwe ase-South Asia (i-Afghanistan, iBangladesh, iBhutan, i-India, iMaldives, iNepal, iPakistan neSri Lanka) ne-East Asia nePacific (okungamazwe phakathi kwawo okukhona iMalaysia, iPhilippines, iThailand neVietnam) ahamba phambili ngo-33%.

I-IFC ithi osomabhizinisi besifazane banegebe lokubolekwa imali elilinganiselwa ku$1,9 trillion (uR31,2trn) emhlabeni jikelele. Leli gebe lichaza ukuthi uma wonke amabhizinisi abantu besifazane engabolekwa imali njengawo wonke amabhizinisi amancane, inani lezikweletu ama amabhizinisi abantu besifazane linganyuka ngaleli nani.

Lolu cwaningo lwe-IFC luveza nokubaluleka kwabantu besifazane kumabhange nezinye izinkampani ezisebenza ngemali. Luthi izinkampani zezimali ezisebenzisana nabantu besifazane zingazuza kakhulu kubona. Izinqumo eziwu-80% ngokusebenzisa izimali emindenini zithathwa ngabantu besifazane.

Phezu kwaloku abantu besifazane banikwa u-36% kuphela wezikweletu ngo-2024 nakuba babewu-39% wezimali ezibekwa ebhange.