Kungani iBhange lomBuso linyusa imalimboleko, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
IBHANGE lomBuso libhekene nomsebenzi onzima wokulwa nokwehla kwamandla emali, phecelezi, i-inflation.
Awulula lo msebenzi ngoba izakhamuzi nosomabhizinisi abakujabuleli ukunyuka kwenzalo ekhokhwa ngemalimboleko.
Phela ukunyusa inzalo yithuluzi elisetshenziswa ngamabhange amazwe emhlabeni jikelele ukunqinda ukwehla kwamandla emali. Kuvamile ukuthi osomnotho bachaze leli thuluzi njengesikhali esingacijile, phecelezi i-blunt instrument.
Basuke besho ukuthi leli thuluzi elisetshenziswa ngamabhange alikwazi ukukhetha ingxenye yomnotho noma liqondane ngqo nomsuka wokwehla kwamandla emali kodwa lishaya wonke umnotho ngokufanayo.
FUNDA NALAPHA: Ukuphatha imali yezwe kahle kuyasiza. Sesidinga kuphuthunyiswe izinguquko, kuloba uBusi Mavuso
Umbuzo ovamile ngezinqumo ezenziwa ngamabhange omhlaba, ikakhulu uma enyusa inzalo ekhokhwa yizakhamuzi nosomabhizinisi uma beboleka imali emabhange azimele, uthi yini amabhange amazwe angacabangeli isimo somnotho wezwe.
Umbuzo kwabanye eNingizimu Afrika ngemva kwesinqumo esisha seBhange lomBuso sokunyusa i-repo rate ngo-0,25%, iya ku-7%.
I-repo rate yinani lenzalo iBhange lomBuso eliyikhokhisa amabhange azimele uma eboleka imali kulona. Isizathu esenza amabhange azimele aboleke imali eBhange lomBuso wukuthi asuke engenayo imali eyanele ukukhokhelana wona wodwa.
Ngokunyusa i-repo rate, iBhange lomBuso linyusa izindleko zamabhange azimele bese la mabhange aphoqeke ukunyusa izinga lenzalo alikhokhisa abantu nosomabhizinisi ababoleka imali kuwo.
Lo mbuzo ususelwa esimweni somnotho wakuleli zwe osekuphele iminyaka ewu-15 ukhula ngezinga eliphansi, elingakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zezwe.
Yingakho nje leli zwe linezinga eliphezulu labantu abantula umsebenzi. Kukhona osomnotho abathi izinyathelo zeBhange lomBuso zokunyusa izinga lenzalo zinciphisa amathuba osomabhizinisi, ikakhulu abasafufusayo, okuboleka imali abangakhulisa ngayo amabhizinisi abo.
Impendulo yeBhange lomBuso ithi wumsebenzi eyawunikwa wumthethosisekelo wezwe ukuvikela amandla emali yezwe. Uma ingasonga isandla, ingenzi lutho uma kunezinkomba zokuthi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lizonyuka ngabe iyehluleka ukwenza umsebenzi ewunike wumthethosisekelo.
Zimbili izintuba ukwehla kwamandla emali eziqhamuka ngazo. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngama-supply shock. Kuchazwa isimo esifana nalesi iNingizimu Afrika namanye amazwe abhekene naso. Lesi isimo esidalwe impi yase-Iran, ehambisana nokuvalwa komgudu wemikhumbi i-Strait of Hormuz.
Cishe uwoyela ongahluziwe ne-liquefied natural gas okuphakathi kwa-20% no-25% okusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele kudlula ngemikhumbi eStrait of Hormuz. Ukuvalwa kwayo sekunciphise ukutholakala kukawoyela nale gas, kwanyusa intengo yalezi zimpahla.
Ukunyuka kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe kusho ukunyuka kukaphethroli, udizili, nopharafini nazo zonke izimpahla ezinowoyela ongahluziwe. Ukunyuka kwentengo ye-liquefied natural gas kusho ukunyuka kwentengo kamanyolo oyi-nitrogen, ewenziwa ngale gas.
Lo manyolo ubalulekile kwezolimo. Ukunyuka kwentengo yawo, noma ukuncipha kokutholakala kwawo, kungasho ukuthi abanye abalimi ngeke bakwazi ukutshala esikudlayo noma kufanele banciphise indawo abayilimayo.
Umgudu wesibili wokunyuka kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ubizwa ngama-demand shocks. Lapha kuchazwa isimo lapho isidingo sezimpahla ezithile singenyuka ngezinga elidlula amandla abakhiqizi okwenza lezo zimpahla. Abakhiqizi bagcina ngokunyusa intengo yalezi zimpahla ngezinga eliphezulu nangesivinini esinyusa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ezweni.
Ukunyuka kwentengo kaphethroli nodizili kuvame ukulandelwa wukunyuswa kwentengo yezimpahla nezinye izidingo zempilo. Udizili usetshenziswa ukuthutha izimpahla zisuka emafemini ziya ezitolo. Uma zivela kwamanye amazwe zisuke zisuswa emachwebeni ezwe zihanjiswa ezitolo.
Osomnotho babiza ukunyuka kwentengo kadizili nophethroli njengomzuliswano wokuqala ezingeni lokwehla kwamandla emali. Umzuliswano wesibili owokunyuswa kwentengo yezimpahla ezithuthwa ngezinqola ezisebenzisa udizili noma izisebenzi zilwela ukunyuselwa imiholo ngezinga elingamelana noma elidlula elokwehla kwamandla emali.
Umzuliswano wesibili yiwona obhekwa yiBhange lomBuso ngameho okhozi. Isizathu saloku wukuthi osomabhizinisi abavamile ukwehlisa intengo yezimpahla ngisho intengo kazidizili seyehlile. Nemiholo nayo ayehli.
Loku kwenza isimo lapho izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lingahlala liphezulu noma sesidlulile isimo esibeyimbangela yakho konke loku. Kulesi simo esikusona, kungasho ukuthi izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lingaqhubeka libephezulu noma isiphelile impi yase-Iran, kwavuleka umgudu wemikhumbi i-Strait of Hormuz.
Inkinga yeBhange lomBuso wukuthi alikwazi ukubona kusekude ukuthi ungakanani umonakalo ozodalwa ukunyuka kwentengo yezimpahla ngokomzuliswano wesibili.
Okunye wukuthi ukunyuswa kwenzalomali kuthatha isikhathi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo wokunqinda ukwehla kwamandla emali. Kungathatha unyaka kuya ezinyangeni eziwu-18 ngaphambi kokuthi kubenomphumela olindelwe.
Yingakho iBhange lomBuso lithatha isinqumo sokunyusa inzalomali uma kunezinkomba zokuthi umzuliswano wokuqala wokunyuka kwentengo yezimpahla awuzuba yinto yesikhashana noma kunezinkomba – noma ngabe azicaci kakhulu – zokunyuswa kwentengo yezimpahla ngokomzuliswano wesibili.
IBhange lomBuso ligcizelela nokuthi ukwehla kwezinga lamandla emali kucindeza kakhulu abantu abahluphekayo. Esinye sezizathu wukuthi abantu abahluphekayo abanawo amandla okuzivikela. Abantu abanemali batshala izimali ezimakethe zezimali lapho bethola inzuzo edlula izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali.
Esinye isizathu wukuthi abantu abahluphekayo basebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yemali abayitholayo ukuthenga izidingongqangi, njengokudla nje. Uma intengo yokudla inyuka kakhulu, bayaphoqeka ukuthi banciphise abakudlayo noma bathenge uhlobo lokudla okushibhile kunabakujwayele.
Ngamanye amazwi, iBhange lomBuso lithi lilwela abantu abahluphekayo ngokunyusa imali yenzalo ukunqinda ukunyuka kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali.
Esinye isizathu wukuthi uhlobo lomgudu wama-supply shock alukhethi ukuthi umnotho wezwe ukhula ngezinga eliphansi noma eliphezulu.
