Ukungafundi, ukungaqeqeshwa nokungasebenzi kuyingozi ezizukulwaneni, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

ISIBALO sabantu abangondingasithebeni abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-24 siphezulu kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika. Lapha sikhuluma ngabantu abangasebenzi, abangekho esikoleni noma ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. Babizwa ngamaNEET, ukunqamulela ukuthi not in education, employment or training.

Imininingwane ekhishwe yiStatistics South Africa (iStats SA) ngonyaka odlule iveze ukuthi bebewu-3.5 million abantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 ababebalwa kwabangafundi, abangasebenzi futhi abangaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ngoSepthemba. 

FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2024/08/13/sebewu-8-4m-abantu-abangasebenzi-ezweni-izibalo/

Uma bethathwa njengengxenye yabo bonke abantu abaneminyaka ewu-15-24, bawu-34.2%, okuyizinga elingaphezulu kakhulu kunelomhlaba jikelele (eliwu-20.4%), ngokwezibalo ze-International Labour Organization, uphiko lwenHlangano yeZizwe olubhekene nezemisebenzi.

Isibalo esiphezulu sabantu abangondingasithebeni sidala izinkinga. Sisho ukuthi laba bantu abazukubanamathuba okuzithuthukisa ngokwempilo. Bazoba ngabantu abangenamakhono noma amava omsebenzi – okuyizinto ezibalulekile kubaqashi. Noma bangawathola amathuba omsebenzi bayoba semkhakheni wabantu abahola imiholo ephansi.

Luningi ucwaningo olukhomba ukuthi isibalo sabantu abantula umsebenzi siphezulu kakhulu kubantu abangenamakhono noma amava omsebenzi.

Ukuhola imali encane kudala izinkinga ezigcina ngokunabela nasezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Uma senza isibonelo, izingane zasemindenini ehola imali encane ziphoqekile ukuthi zingene ezikoleni ezingaphansi kukahulumeni, ikakhulukazi okungakhokhwa kuzo. 

Luthwele kanzima lolu hlobo lwezikole njengoba sekuneminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi uhulumeni enciphisa imali ayabela zona. Lesi sinyathelo sesenze ukuthi ezinye zalezi zikole zingakwazi ukuqasha othisha uma kukhona abathatha umhlalaphansi noma abashiyayo.

Ukwehla kwesibalo sothisha kusho ukwenyuka kwesabafundi esibhekana nothisha ngamunye, okubeka engcupheni ikusasa labafundi abathatha isikhathi eside ukubamba okufundiswayo.

Ucwaningo lophiko lwe-University of Cape Town ngo-2023 lwaveza ukuthi isingaphezulu kweshumi iminyaka isibalo sabantu (abano-15 kuya ku-24) abangekho ezikoleni, abangasebenzi nabangekho ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme siwu-30%. I-SA Labour and Development Research Unit (iSALDRU) yathi lesi sisimo siyaqhubeka phezu kwemizamo kahulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele zokunciphisa lesi sibalo.

Lolu phiko lwaxwayisa lwathi abantu abahlala iminyaka eminingi bengasebenzi, bengafundi futhi bengaqeqeshwa, bagcina bengabantu ababhekene nobubha ngokwemali, phecelezi i-income poverty kanti basengcupheni enkulu yokuhlukumezeka ngokwengqondo. Abanye bagcina sebephambuka endleleni efanele yokuziphatha.  

Lolu cwaningo lwaveza eminye imininingwane ebalulekile ngalesi simo. I-SALDRU yathola ukuthi ingxenye enkulu (engaphezulu kuka-2 million) yabantu (abano-15 kuya ku-24) abakulesi simo izimisele ukusebenza. Loku kuyinkomba yokuthi esinye sezizathu esibalulekile ngalesi simo amathuba omsebenzi, okusho ukuthi isisombululo sale nkinga sincike ekwandiseni amathuba omsebenzi. Okwesibili, cishe wu-80% wabantu abangakaze basebenze nhlobo. 

Okwesithathu, bacishe babewu-70% abantu bemindeni ehluphekayo ngokwezimali, phecelezi, ama-income-poor household. Abantu bakule mindeni abanawo amandla, ikakhulukazi okumelana nezindleko zokuthungatha umsebenzi isikhathi eside. Kanti futhi nokungena ezikhungweni zokuqeqeshwa, okungathatha iminyaka okungenani emithathu, kuba yinkinga uma umuntu eshiya kungadliwe kubo. 

Okwesine, abantu abasengcupheni kakhulu abesifazane, abantu abashadile, nabantu abahlala emadolobheni, abasemindenini entulayo ngokwezimali nabanezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Lamaphuzu agcizelela izingqinamba ezibhekene nabantu besifazane. Kubanzima kakhulu kwabanezingane ezisencane ngokweminyaka ngoba abakwazi ukuzishiya zodwa bayothungatha imisebenzi noma bayoqeqeshwa. 

Kubayinkinga kakhulu loku emadolobheni lapho abantu besifazane behlala bodwa, izalukazi ezingasiza zisele emakhaya. Yingakho sekukaningi ongoti bethi uhulumeni kufanele uxhase ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokubheka izingane emini ngenkathi abazali bethungatha umsebenzi, befunda noma beyohlwaya itoho. 

Ngokwezifundazwe, ingxenye eningi yabantu (abano-15 kuya ku-24) abakulesi simo iseGauteng, okuyisifundazwe esinezakhamuzi eziningi ezweni, kulandele iKwaZulu-Natali (bawu-20%) neMpumalanga Kapa (bawu-13.2%).  

Uma kucutshungulwa ngesifundazwe ngasinye, kutholakala ukuthi  siphezulu kakhulu isibalo (siwu-42.8%) sabantu abakulesi simo eNorth West. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu abangaphelu kuka-42 kwabawu-100 abaneminyaka ewu-15-24 eNorth West abekho esikoleni, ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme noma emsebenzini. Kulandela iMpumalanga (bawu-36.8%) neKZN (bawu-35.8%).

Eminye imininingwane ikhomba ukuthi ingxenye yabantu abakulesi simo ecishe ibewu-40 kwabawu-100 ezweni lonke iphuma emindenini lapho kungenamuntu osebenzayo. Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi lesi sibalo singaphezu kuka-35%. 

I-SALDRU ithi loku kubeka engcupheni amathuba abantu (abano-15 kuya ku-24) okuthungatha umsebenzi, njengoba ukufesa kudinga imali yokugibela. Nalapha, sekukaningi ongoti kwezamathuba omsebenzi bethi izindleko zokugibela ziyingqinamba enkulu ekutholeni umsebenzi. Zimbili izizathu zaloku.

Esokuqala, abantu abamnyama abaningi bahlala ezindaweni eziqhelelene nalapho kunamathuba omsebenzi khona. 

Esesibili, ukuthola umsebenzi kuleli zwe kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi eside. Loku kusho ukuthi umuntu ofuna umsebenzi udinga imali eningi, isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuthola umsebenzi. Udinga ukuxhaswa, okuvame ukuba yizihlobo noma abangani. 

Yingakho nje kubalulekile ukuthi kwehliswe isibalo sabantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 abangasebenzi, abangekho esikoleni futhi abangekho ezikhungweni zokuqeqeshelwa amakhono. 

Ukwehlisa lesi sibalo ngeke kugcine nje kuphela ngokuphendlela laba bantu amathuba okuzithuthukisa kodwa kuzosho ukuphucula ikusasa lezingane zabo, ukuze zibenamathuba angconywana kunabazali.