Yize izwe selibuswa ngentando yabantu, abantu abamnyama basahlala kude nezizinda zomnotho, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
NGEMVA kweminyaka ewu-30 iNingizimu Afrika yangena ngaphansi kombuso lapho nabantu bomdabu benamalungelo agcwele izwe alikenzi mehluko otheni ukuguqula indlela uhulumeni wobandlululo ahlela ngayo inhlalo nemisebenzi yabantu abamnyama.
Loku kusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezakhamuzi zihlala kude nezizinda zomnotho, okuyilapho kunamathuba emisebenzi.
Lesi simo sacutshungulwa kakhulu yiNational Planning Commission, eyayiholwa wuMnu uTrevor Manuel, eyakhipha izincomo zayo ngo-2012.
Yaphakamisa ukuthi abantu abahluphekayo kuhle bakhelwe izindlu ezindaweni ezisondelene nezizinda zomnotho. Noma kusungulwe ezokuthutha ezishibhile kodwa ezisebenza ngendlela ukuze kuncishiswe igebe phakathi kwezindawo abahlala kuzona nezizinda zomnotho. Lezi zincomo zamukelwa wuhulumeni kaMnu uJacob Zuma kodwa akunamehluko obonakalayo.
Ucwaningo lweWorld Bank olukhishwe ngesonto elidlule, olusihloko sithi South Africa’s Fragmented Cities: The Unequal Burden of Labour Market Frictions, lukhomba ukuthi ukuhluleka kohulumeni asebephathe leli zwe kusukela ngo-1994 ukuguqula lesi simo kungomunye womphumela omkhulu esimweni sokwanda kwabantu abantula umsebenzi ezweni. Zicishe zifinyelele ku-33% izisebenzi ezintula imisebenzi ezweni.
Ukwakha izindlu zomxhaso wuhulumeni kusukela ngo-1994 kwenziwa ezindaweni eziqhelile ezizindeni zomnotho. Isizathu saloku ukuthi uhulumeni ulandela izindawo ezishibile ukuthenga umhlaba wokwakha lezi zindlu. Loku kuqhelelana nezindawo ezinamathuba omsebenzi kuthwesa abantu abahluphekayo umthwalo wezindleko zokugibela.
Kwezokuthutha, imizamo kahulumeni ayinamphumela otheni. Imizamo efana ne-Bus Rapid Transport (i-BRT) emadolobheni amakhulu ayenzanga mehluko. Isizathu wukuthi le nhlobo yezokuthutha ayisebenzi ngendlela efanele futhi ayisebenzi ngokuxhumana nezinye izinto zokuhamba, njengamatekisi, amabhasi nezitimela, okunqinda usizo lwayo kubagibeli. Yingakho nje bewu-2% kuphela abagibeli abasebenzisa i-BRT.
Ingxenye enkulu (u-77%) yabagibeli emadolobheni amakhulu isebenzisa amatekisi. Nokho lolu hlobo lwezokuthutha aluphephile futhi aluyona inhlobo yezokuthutha abagibeli abangathembela kuyona ukuthi izobafikisa emsebenzi ngesikhathi ngazo zonke izinsuku.
I-World Bank ithi ukwakha izindlu nezinguquko kwezokuthutha yizona zindlela uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ongaguqula ngazo isimo senhlalo yabantu abamnyama, umsuka wayo owadalwa wukucindezelwa kwabo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa amadolobha amakhulu akuleli zwe – okuyiGoli, eThekwini, eCape Town, eGqeberha neTshwane namanye amadolobha amakhulu emhlabeni, kutholakala omkhulu umehluko. Phakathi kwamadolobha aqhathaniswa nawakuleli zwe kukhona iNew York eMelika, iTokyo eJaphani, iLondon eBrithani, iLagos eNigeria, iJakarta e-Indonesia, iMumbai e-India, iBogotá eColombia, iBuenos Aires e-Argentina neNairobi eseKenya.
Umehluko wukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabantu abahluphekayo kuleli zwe ihlala kude kakhulu nezizinda zomnotho, lapho kukhona amathuba omsebenzi. Kusetshenziswa isikali samakhilomitha ayisihlanu kusukela ezizindeni zomsebenzi, phecelezi ama-business district, emadolobheni amakhulu akuleli.
Kutholakala ukuthi eNingizimu Afrika ukugcwala kwabantu ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayisihlanu kusukela ezizindeni zomsebenzi kungaphansi ngo-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nasemadolobheni amakhulu akwamanye amazwe awu-20.
Uma sibheka iGoli, iSoweto, okungenye yezindawo ezinabantu abaningi abamnyama eGauteng, iyibanga elingaphezulu kuka-20km kusukela maphakathi neGoli. Nelokishi uMlaza liqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwawu-20 kusuka enkabeni yedolobha laseThekwini.
I-World Bank ithi inkinga ngokusimamiswa kwamadolobha akuleli zwe wukuthi ukusimama kwawo, ikakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezindlu, kulandela indlela yokunabela kwezinye izindawo. Kwamanye amazwe amadolobha asimama ngokuthi kwandiswe abantu endaweni eyodwa. Loku kwenziwa ngokwakha amabhilidi ayizitezi kunokuthi kwakhiwe izindlu ezimi zodwa.
Inkinga edalwa yindlela yokusimama kwamadolobha akuleli zwe ingaxazululwa uma kungasungulwa ezokuthutha ezishibhile futhi ezisebenza ngendlela, ikakhulu ezihamba ngesikhathi neziphephile. Ezokuthutha zibalulekile kuleli zwe njengoba u-80% wezakhamuzi ungenazo izimoto, okusho ukuthi uncike kakhulu kwezokuthutha zomphakathi.
I-World Bank ithi ukuqhelelana kwezindawo zokuhlala nezizinda zomnotho kwenza izisebenzi nabantu ababheka umsebenzi basebenzise phakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwamathathu kwezokuthutha. Imali yokugibela idla cishe uhhafu wemihholo yabo.
Noma umsuka wale nkinga wadalwa yimigomo yohulumeni ababebandlulula abantu abamnyama kodwa ohulumeni asebephathe kusukela ngo-1994 behlulekile wukulungisa loku.
Njengoba ngishilo ngenhla, zimbili izindlela engalungiswa ngazo. Eyokuqala indlela wukwakha izindawo zokuhlala eduze nezizinda zomnotho.
Eyesibili wukusungula ezokuthutha ezishibhile, eziphephile nezihamba ngesikhathi.
I-World Bank iphakamisa ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele uvuselele ukusebenza kwezitimela futhi wenze imizamo yokunyusa ukusebenza kwezokuthutha ezingekho ngaphansi kwawo. Lapha kukhulunywa ngamatekisi namabhasi okuthiwa kufanele enziwe ukuthi asebenze ngendlela efanele, izindleko zawo zibesezingeni abantu abaahluphekayo abangakwazi ukumelana nazo futhi kusebenze ngokuhambisana.
Umsebenzi ngokuhambisana kwezokuthutha kwamanye amazwe kusho ukuthi umgibeli uthenga ithikithi elilodwa, agibela ngalo isitimela nebhasi.
Okunye iWorld Bank ihlongoza ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele uguqule indlela ohlela ngayo intuthuko yamadolobha, uchumise intuthuko eyandisa izindawo zokuhlala ezisondelene kakhulu nezizinda zomnotho.
