Amanzi angena endlini ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
UDABA lokutholakala kwezindlela ezintsha zokwakha izakhiwo nokubumba izinto zokwakha ukuze zikwazi ukumela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu kudingeka lusukunyelwe ngokushesha.
Lezi zinguquko zibhekene kakhulu nokwanda kwezikhukhula, okuyinto esiyandile ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisondelene nolwandle.
Lezi zinguquko zifana nalezo osekuneminyaka amazwe ahlaselwa wukuzazama komhlaba, njengeJaphani, azenza ezakhiweni ukuze amabhilidi namabhuloho akwazi ukumelana nemiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ososayensi nabanye ongoti abacubungula ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nezinye izinguquko ezidalwa wukungcola komkhathi babikezela ukuthi izigameko namandla ezikhukhula azokwanda.
Ezinye zezinguquko ezihambisana noshintsho esimweni sezulu wukwanda kwesomiso kwamanye amazwe. Manje amazwe aseningizimu ye-Afrika – iMalawi, iZambia neZimbabwe – ahlaselwe yisomiso esikhulu. Asephoqeke ukuthi afune usizo kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuncipha kwesivuno, ikakhulukazi umbila oyinsika enkulu yokudla kula mazwe.
Izikhukhula ezinamandla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisondelene nolwandle kuleli zwe, zihambisana nokubhidlika kwezakhiwo njengezindlu, ukubhodloka kwemigwaqo nokumuka kwamabhuloho, izikhungo zokugcina nokuhlanza amanzi namapayipi awathuthayo.
Loku kukhombisa isidingo soshintsho endleleni amabhilidi, imigwaqo, amabhuloho nezinye izikhungo ezakhiwa ngayo. Lukhulu olungafundwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze amabhilidi aseJaphani akwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, leliyazwe lashintsha imigomo yokwakha amabhilidi.
Wonke amabhilidi kumele akhiwe phezu kwerabha (isikali sayo esinqunywe emigomweni). Loku kwenza amabhilidi akwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba njengoba izihlahla zenza uma kunezivunguvungu ezikhulu. Uma kuhlasela izivunguvungu, isikhathi esiningi izihlahla zivumela izivunguvungu, zigobele lapho isivunguvungu sibheke ngakhona.
Amabhilidi akhiwe ngendlela yokuthi awakwazi ukunyakaza uma kuzamazama umhlaba, agcina ngokubhidlika masinya. Kodwa uma kuqalwe ngesizinda serabha amabhilidi ayakwazi ukunyakaza njengezihlahla, okwehlisa ingozi yokushesha abhidlike kalula.
Nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ludinga izinguquko ezakhiweni ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezikhukhula ezinamandla noma zingasheshi ukubhidlika masinya noma zimuke kalula namanzi.
Akuyona kuphela indlela yokwakha okumele iguqulwe. Nezinto zokwakha, njengezitini, usimende, insimbi, ingilazi namapulangwe, nazo zidinga ukucutshungulwa ukuze kutholakale izindlela zokuzibumba ngendlela ezenza zimelane nezimo ezinzima. Nezindawo ezisemakhaya, lapho abanye abantu besakha izindlu ngezitini zodaka, zidinga ukubhekelwa nazo.
Ososayensi bezakhiwo bathi kunezindlela zokwenza izinto zokwakha zikwazi ukumelana nezikhukhula ezinamandla esezande kakhulu muva nje.
Ucwaningo longoti basemanyuvesi iWitwatersrand neBrighton (eNgilandi) luveza ukuthi izikhukhula zango-Ephreli 2022 zadala umonakalo omkhulu selokhu kwaqala ukuqoshwa komlando wezikhukhula KwaZulu-Natali ngeminyaka yama-1840s.
Labongoti basebenzisa imibiko yamaphephandaba, imininingwane eqoshwe yizikhulu zikahulumeni, izimishini neminye imininingwane ngesimo sezulu.
Bathola ukuthi izikhukhula zango-2022 zadala umkhulu omonakalo nokufa kwabantu. Zabulala abantu abawu-459, zabhidliza imizi engaphezu kuka-4 000, kwathi abantu abawu-40 000 basala bengenazindlu.
Nokho ukunaba kwazo akufikanga kwezangoSepthemba 1987. Ezango-1987 zadala umonakalo endaweni enkulu kwisifundazwe, zabhidliza nezindlu eziningi. Nemvula yango-1856, nayo eyana izinsuku ezintathu ngo-April, nayo yathela kakhulu ngaphezu kwaleyo ka-2022.
Bathi uphenyo lwabo lukhomba ukuthi izikhukhula nezimvula ezinkulu sezande kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Indawo engaphansi kukaMasipala waseThekwini isibenezikhukhula unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela ngo-2022. Noma bebheka iminyaka eyikhulu nangaphezulu, babika ukuthi izigameko zezikhukhula sezenyuke ngokuphindwe kabili.
Indawo yaseThekwini yindawo enamagquma kanti futhi inemimfula eminingana egelezela olwandle. Phakathi kwemikhulu singabala uMngeni, uMlaza neziMbokodo.
Okwesibili, inhlobo yenhlabathi eyandile iyisihlabathi, okuwuhlobo olungakwazi ukumelana namanzi amaningi ageleza ngesivinini. Ngakho-ke kulula ukuthi le nhlabathi imuke namanzi kalula, okushiya amabhilidi nezinye izakhiwo zisengcupheni yokwemuka noma ukubhidlika. Isihlabathi asifani nobumba, olukwaziyo ukumelana kangcono nezikhukhula.
Izindawo ezingamagquma zisengcupheni enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma zakhiwe yinhlabathi esheshe imuke namanzi. Loku kudinga imigomo yezakhiwo eyenziwe ngendlela evikela loku noma eyenza amabhilidi nezinye izakhiwo zikwazi ukumelana nokumuka komhlabathi. Kuqala izindawo ezingamagquma zazisizwa yizihlahla nezinye izimila ezibamba umhlabathi.
Ungoti waseNyuvesi waseStellenbosch owunjiniyela wenhlabathi namatshe u-Charles MacRobert uthi kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi ezikhukhula aqoqeke ngendlela (njengokusetshenziswa kwezitamkoko namapayipi amakhulu).
Loku kunciphisa amathuba okuthi amanzi asabalale yonke indawo, egeleza ngesivinini, okwandisa amathuba okudala umonakalo.
Konke loku kukhomba ukuthi izindlela zokwakha, izinto zokwakha kumele zishintshwe ukuze kuvikele izimpilo zabantu nezakhiwo ezikhukhuleni.
Zonke izibikezelo zesimo zezulu zikhomba ukuthi izikhukhula zisazoqhubeka nokwanda, okukhomba ukudaleka komanakalo omkhulu nokufa kwabantu.
