Yinkulu inselelo yamazwe asathuthuka ngokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
AMAZWE ase-Afrika abhekene nenkinga enkulu yokuthi wubani ozokhokhela izindleko zokulungiselela ukubhekana noshintsho kwisimo sezulu. Lolu shintsho luhambisana nokwanda kwezikhukhula kwezinye izindawo, kuthi kwezinye isomiso.
Yindaba endala lena. Sikhuluma nje umhlangano wamazwe oseBrazil kulo nyaka, iCOP30 (iConference of Parties), usufike kwangqingetshe ngodaba lwemali.
Amazwe amaningi ayavumelana ngokufanele kwenziwe ngesimo sezulu. Seloku kwaqala imihlangano yeCOP, bekulindeleke ukuthi amazwe asethuthukile kube yiwona athwala ingxenye enkulu yalezi zindleko ngokunika amazwe asathuthuka imali.
Nomhlangano wabaholi bamazwe angaphansi kweG20 uzobhekana nale nkinga njengoba izwekazi i-Afrika lilwela ukuthi amazwe asethuthukile angamalungu ale nhlangano elule isandla ngemali. Kulo nyaka iNingizimu Afrika, okuyilona zwe lase-Afrika kuphela eliyilungu, yilona usihlalo walo mhlangano. Imbumba yamazwe ase-Afrika, i-African Union (AU), nayo iyilungu.
Abaholi bamazwe awu-19 angamalungu eG20 nabaholi bezinhlangano ze-AU ne-European Union (nayo elilungu), bazohlangana eNingizimu Afrika ngale mpelasonto. Udaba lwemali luseqhulwini lwalo mhlangano.
Noma amazwe asethuthukile evuma ukuthi amazwe asathuthuka kufanele asizwe kodwa uma sekufanele kukhishwe imali akulula ukuyikhipha imali.
Izindleko zokubhekena nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu zihlukene kabili. Ezokuqala yizindleko zokuthi amazwe azilungiselele ukumelana nemiphumela yalolu shintsho. Lapha singabala izinguquko ezakhiweni zezwe – njengamabhilidi, imigwaqo, ojantshi namabhuloho – ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezikhukhula ezinamandla. Kwezolimo kungabawushintsho endleleni yokulima nenhlobo yezitshalo ukuze izwe likwazi ukukhiqiza ukudla noma sekubhoke isomiso.
Eyesibili, ibhekene nezinguquko ekumele zenziwe ekusebenzeni komnotho wezwe ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza kwesisi esingcolisa umkhathi, okuyizo ezidala ushintsho kwisimo sezulu. Njengoba amalahle engenye yezinto ezingcolisa umkhathi, amazwe amaningi asesebenzisa imisebe yelanga, umoya nezinye izindlela ezithathwa ngokuthi zihlanzekile ukukhiqiza ugesi.
FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2025/06/20/ukuguquguquka-kwesimo-sezulu-kuza-nezinkinga-ezizokhinyabeza-umnotho/
Lezi zinguquko zidinga imali, into engandile emazweni ase-Afrika. Amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika avele athembele osizweni lamazwe aseYurophu neMelika. Muva nje sekwande nosizo oluvela eChina.
I-African Development Bank libike ukuthi seloku kwasayinwa isivumelwano i-Paris Agreement ngo-2015, akubonakali nqubekelaphambili. Kuyaqhubeka ukwanda kokushisa emhlabeni jikelele, okuwumsusa woshintsho esimweni sezulu. Imali okwavunyelwana ngo-2015 ukuthi izokhishwa ukulwa nalolu shintsho esimweni sezulu ayenele. Leli bhange lithi likhulu igebe, futhi liyanda, phakathi kwezithembiso nosekwenziwe.
Liphawula nokuthi izwekazi i-Afrika alibanga neqhaza elitheni ekwandeni kwezingcolisamkhathi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphansana kuka-4% wezingcolisamkhathi ziphuma emazweni ase-Afrika. Nokho amazwe ase-Afrika yiwona asengcupheni enkulu ngenxa yezinguquko esimweni sezulu.
Iqhaza elincane le-Afrika ekukhiqizeni kwezingcolisamkhathi nengcuphe leli zwekazi elikuyona ngoshintsho lwesimo sezulu kwenza i-Afrika idinge ukuxhaswa ngamazwe asethuthukile ngemali. Amazwe asethuthukile yiwona adale umonakalo omkhulu esimweni sezulu ngesikhathi iminotho yawo isathuthuka.
Nokho i-African Development Bank ibika ukuthi i-Afrika yonkana ithola ngaphansi kwango-10% wezimali zomhlaba jikelele ezibhekene nokuhambiana nesimo esisha. Uma sekuhlanganiswe zonke izinhlelo zokubhekana noshintsho esimweni sezulu, i-Afrika ithola ngaphansi kwango-3% wezimali umhlaba wonke ozisebenzisele loku.
Ikhononda nje i-Afrika, ihleli phezu kwamagugu aumbiwa phansi abalulekile empini yoshintsho ngesimo sezulu. Phakathi kwezokumbiwa phansi ezibalulekile singabala i-cobalt ne-manganese, okusetshenziswa kumabhetri ezimoto zikagesi. I-manganese ingena kakhulu ekufukuleni ukusebenza kwamabhetri.
Nokho i-Afrika idayisela amanye amazwe i-cobalt ne-manganese, ayinawo amafemu asebenzisa i-cobalt ukukhiqiza amabhetri nezinye izimpahla zobuchwepheshe.
Le mihlangano – iCOP30 noweG20 – yenzeka ngesikhathi esinzima emhlabeni, esidalwe wushintsho kwinqubo kahulumeni waseMelika. Seloku uMnu uDonald Trump ethathe izintambo ngoJanuwari usenqamule usizo lwezimali emazweni ase-Afrika, ikakhuluka ohlangothini lwezempilo futhi uphikisana nezinhlelo ezibheke ukulwa noshintsho esimweni sezulu.
Empeleni akakholelwa kulolu shintsho, okwenza uhulumeni wakhe ungahambisani nezinhlelo zokulwa noshintsho esimweni sezulu.
UTrump futhi akaboni ngaso linye neNingizimu Afrika ngoba ethi uhulumeni waleli zwe uhlukumeza futhi ufuna ukubhubhisa amaBhunu. Useze wadala uhlelo oluphuthumayo lokuwangenisa eMelika ukuthi azohlala khona.
Ukungqubuzana kukaTrump nohulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika sekunabele nakwiG20, kangangokuthi uthe akukho zikhulu zaseMelika eziza engqungqutheleni yangempelasonto.
Loku kusho ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika ngeke, njengenjwayelo, ikwazi ukudlulisela isikhundla sobuholi beG20 kwiMelika, ezohola le nhlangano ngo-2026.
Ukuthatha kweMelika ubuholi beG20 emva kwale mpelasonto kuzosho ukuthi izinhlelo eziningi nezivumelwano zale nhlangano zingase zingabinanqubekelaphambili isikhathi esingangonyaka noma ngaphezulu.
