Abafundi bafika enyuvesi bengacijekile ngendlela efanele, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
SIBI isimo emfundweni ephakeme ezweni njengoba kuvela ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yabafundi abangena enyuvesi abakulungele ukubhekana nezidingo zaleli zinga lemfundo.
Bawu-30% kuphela abafundi abangena enyuvesi eNingizimu Afrika ukuyofundela iziqu zokuqala phecelezi, i-undergraduate, abaziphothula eminyakeni emithathu enqunyelwe lolu hlobo lweziqu. Bawu-66% abaphothula emva kweminyaka emihlanu.
Kwiziqu zobunjiniyela, ezithatha iminyaka emine, bawu-24% abaphothula ngesikhathi, okuyisibalo esinyukela ku-60% uma kukalwa iminyaka eyisithupha seloku bangena enyuvesi. Kwisayensi bawu-21% abaphothula eminyakeni emithathu ekalelwe lolu hlobo lweziqu.
Nakubona abaxhaswa yiNational Student Financial Aid Scheme (iNSFAS) sibi isimo. Ingxenye ewu-44% yabo kuze kudlule iminyaka emihlanu bengakaqedi iziqu zokuqala, abanye bahlala isikhathi eside, okungaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu bengaphothulile.
Phezu kwaloku, iningi labafundi enyuvesi benza izifundo ezingahambelani nezidingo zomnotho wezwe, ikakhulu amathuba emisebenzi. Liya ngokwehla inani labafundi abangena emikhakheni yesayensi, eyobunjiniyela neyobuchwepheshe. Iningi lingena kowemfundo (u-20%) nasemkhakheni i-humanities.
Konke loku kuvezwa wucwaningo lukaMnu uPeter Courtney, waseStellenbosch University ocwaninga ngemfundo, ezempilo nentuthuko yezwe.
FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2025/01/08/ukungafundi-ukungaqeqeshwa-nokungasebenzi-kuyingozi-ezizukulwaneni-kuloba-ujabulani-sikhakhane/
Njengoba imfundo ephakeme ixhaswa kakhulu wuhulumeni ukuhlala kwabafundi emanyuvesi bengaqedi izifundo ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe kwandisa izindleko zikahulumeni. U-Courtney uthi kunyusa nomthwalo wabazali nowabafundi.
Uthi inkinga iqala kwimfundo eyisisekelo lapho izingane zingena nje ezikoleni. Lesi sisekelo sibunjwe yizinto ezimbili. Ukufunda ukubala, phecelezi i-numeracy, nokwazi ukufunda nokubhala, phecelezi i-literacy.
Inkinga lapha wukuthi isabelomali sezemfundo yamakilasi asuka kunyaka wokuqala esikoleni kuya kuMatikuletsheni sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi sime ku-16.5% wengxenye yesabelomali yonkana, phecelezi i-non-interest expenditure. Uma sehlukaniswa ngomfundi ngamunye, isabelo semfundo eyisisekelo sasiwuR26 000, isibalo esehla safinyelela kuR24 000 ngo-2021, ngenxa yokwanda kwesibalo sabafundi.
Isabelo semfundo ephakeme sona senyuke safinyelela ku-7.2% ngo-2024, sisuka ku-4.6% ngo-2014. Ongoti kwisabelomali sohulumeni basebenzisa le ndlela yokuhlahla isabelomali – ebeka eceleni izindleko zenzalo uma becubungula ngesimo sezimali zohulumeni.
Bakwenza loku ngoba umthetho olawula ukuphatha izimali zikahulumeni unquma ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthi kuhlukaniswe isabelomali umNyango wezeziMali obuye kufanele ubeke eceleni isamba sokukhokha inzalo emalini ebolekwe uhulumeni.
Asinyuki nje isabelo semfundo eyisisekelo kodwa imiholo yothisha isinyuke ngesivinini esikhulu kanti futhi senyukile isibalo sabafundi abaya esikoleni. Ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemfundo yimiholo yothisha, uCourtney athi yenyuke ngo-66% ngaphezulu kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kusukela ngo-2017.
Uthi othisha baseNingizimu Afrika bahola ngaphezulu kwabalingani emazweni asethuthukile angamalungu enhlangano ye-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (i-OECD). Lapha usebenzisa isikali lapho inani lomkhiqizo wonkana wezwe uhlukaniselwa umuntu ngamunye, phecelezi i-GDP per capita.
Okokuqala, uthi othisha baseNingizimu Afrika bahola ingxenye ephindwe kahlanu yalesi sikali se-GDP per capita. Emazweni e-OECD alikho lapho othisha behola ngaphezu kwengxenye ye-GDP per capita ephindwe kabili.
Okwesibili uphawula ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika iyehluka kwamanye amazwe njengoba imiholo yothisha bamabanga aphansi naphezulu isezingeni elifanayo phecelezi, i-common pay scale.
Uthi noma ukuholela othisha kahle kungaba yinto enhle kodwa abukho ubufakazi emhlabeni jikelele obukhomba ukuthi imiholo ephezulu yothisha ihambisana nempumelelo yabafundi.
Uma ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali ithathwa yimiholo yothisha, ikakhulu esimweni lapho leso sabelo singanyuki, kugcina ngokuthi kuncishiswe ezinye izindleko zemfundo. Phakathi kwalezo zindleko singabala ukutholakala kwezinsizakufunda nezinye izidingo zesikole.
U-Courtney uthi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule uhulumeni wandise kakhulu isabelo sezemfundo ephakeme, ikakhulu ngaphansi kohlelo lokuxhasa abafundi. Kwashintshwa nendlela abaxhaswa ngayo. Kudala abafundi babebolekwa imali yokufunda. Manje sebethola imali engabuyiswa.
I-NSFAS inika abafundi imali yokufunda iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, kuye ngohlobo lweziqu, okungaba yi-degree noma i-diploma. Ibuye ibanike isikhathi seminyaka emibili ngaphezulu, okusho ukuthi baneminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisithupha ukuqeda izifundo. Nokho u-45% wonke kuze kuphele iminyaka emihlanu ungakaphothuli, kuthi u-35% uqede iminyaka eyisithupha ungaziqedile izifundo.
U-Courtney uthi lobu bufakazi bukhomba ukuthi iningi labafundi liphothula uMatikuletsheni lingakulungele ukudlulela enyuvesi. Lezi zinkinga kufanele kubhekwane nazo njengoba imfundo ibalulekile kakhulu, ukukhula komnotho wezwe nentuthuko yalo incike kuyo.
Ukubhekana nazo kusho ukuqala kabusha isisekelo semfundo, phecelezi i-foundational literacy and numeracy, ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuzimela.U-Courtney uthi lukhulu olungafundwa yiniNingizimu Afrika kwamanye amazwe, phakathi kwawo okuyiPoland neVietman. I-Vietman yakwazi ukuguqula isimo semfundo engekho ezingeni eliphezulu, kangangokuthi ezivivinyweni zabafundi bamazwe ehlukene ezibizwa nge-assessment, abafundi baseVietnam uma behlolwa ezibalweni behlula ngisho abaseMelika nabaseNorway, amazwe asezingeni aliphezulu ngentuthuko nomnotho.
