Ezolimo zisemqoka kakhulu emnothweni weNingizimu Afrika, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ZISABALULEKILE ezolimo emnothweni weNingizimu Afrika noma ingxenye yazo emthameni womnotho i-gross domestic product (i-GDP) isiyehlile. Loku kuvezwa yimibiko emibili, okhishwe iBhange loMbuso kuleli sonto nobuyekeza ezolimo kusukela ngo-1994.
Kujwayelekile ukuthi ingxenye yomnotho ephuma kwezolimo yehle kakhulu uma izwe lithuthuka kwezomnotho, ikakhulukazi uma kwanda izimboni zamafemu nengxenye yomnotho ebizwa ngamaservice.
Intuthuko yomnotho weNingizimu Afrika isho ukuncipha kwengxenye yomkhiqizo ephuma kwezolimo. Sikhuluma nje ezolimo ziwu-2.5% kuphela we-GDP, okuyingxenye encane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezezimali eziyingxenye ewu-20%. Amafemu wona ayingxenye engaphezu kuka-12%.
Nokho ukuncipha kwezolimo njengengxenye yomkhiqizo womnotho wezwe akusho ukuthi ezolimo azisabalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Zimbili izindlela zokucubungula lokhu.
Eyokuqala yileyo ethathwe yiBhange loMbuso. Leli bhange libika ukuthi ezolimo zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomnotho, okuwumehluko owenza kubenzima ukubikezela ukuthi isimo sezolimo sizobanjani ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Loku kwenza kubenzima ukubikezela ikusasa lomnotho wonkana, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwezolimo nezinye izingxenye zomnotho. Asenze isibonelo; ingxenye enkulu yamafemu isebenzisa umkhiqizo wezolimo ukwenza ukudla nezinye izimpahla.
Isizathu esimqoka lapha ukuthi umkhiqizo wezolimo uncike kakhulu esimweni sezulu. Sekunoshintsho olukhulu ngesimo sezulu, ikakhulu ukuvama kwesomiso nezikhukhula. Sezandile nezifo zemfuyo, ikakhulu izinkomo, izinkukhu nezingulube.
Ingxenye enkulu yezolimo inemikhakha emithathu. Imfuyo, izinkomo, izinkukhu zomshini, izingulube nokunye ziwu-44% wezolimo. Ezezithelo zingaphezu kuka-28% kuthi ezezitshalo – njengombila, amabele nokunye kuwu-28%.
FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2024/06/13/izikhukhula-zishiye-umonakalo-ongur1-3-billion-ekzn/
Ukwanda kwesomiso kuphoqa abalimi ukuthi banciphise imfuyo yabo. Ngo-2016 abalimi baphoqeka ukuthi bahlabe izinkomo eziwu-3 million ngenxa yesomiso. Uma kunesomiso ziyanyuka izindleko zokufuya izinkomo. Ukuncipha kotshani emadlelweni kusho ukuthi abalimi kufanele bathenge ukudla kwemfuyo.
Okwesibili, isomiso sisho ukunyuka kwentengo yokudla okuthengwayo. Konke loku kunyusa izindleko zemfuyo. Abalimi-ke bayaphoqeka ukuthi behlise inani lezinkomo. Uma bengakwazi ukuzidayisela abanye abalimi ezindaweni ezingenasomiso kufanele bazise emadeleni ukuze zidayiswe ziyinyama.
Ukwanda kwesomiso nezikhukhula nakho kudala izinkinga kwezolimo. IBhange loMbuso libika ukuthi izikhukhula zango-2022 zasho ukuthi isivuno sombila salowo nyaka sasilela emva kwesikhathi esijwayelekile. Loku kwadala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yesivuno sombila itholakale ezimakethe phakathi kwangoJulayi noSepthemba wango-2022. Kanti isomiso sango-2024 sadala ukuthi isivuno salowo nyaka sitholakale phakathi kwango-Ephreli nangoJuni.
Ukutholakala kwesivuno kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezikalini zomkhiqizo womnotho wezwe. Ngokwezibonelo esesizibalile, izimvula ezinkulu zango-2022 zasho ukwenyuka kwesikali somkhiqizo wezolimo ezinyangeni ezintathu uJulayi kuya ngoSepthemba. Uma iStatistics South Africa ikhipha izikali zomkhiqizo wezomnotho iqhathanisa izinyanga ezintathu zonyaka lowo (u-2022) nezowedlule (u-2021).
Ukuhlehla kwengxenye yomkhiqizo wezolimo (umbila) esikhathini esijwayelekile ngo-2022 kwasho ukuthi umkhiqizo wezolimo ezinyangeni u-Ephreli kuya kuJuni wango2022 wabamncane uma uqhathaniswa nezinyanga ezifanayo ngo-2021. Kwathi umkhiqizo wezinyanga uJulayi kuya kuSepthemba wenyuka kunango-2021.
Isivuno esalethwa abalimi bombila ezimakethe sehla ngo-55% ngo-Ephreli kuyangoJuni 2022 (uma siqhathaniswa nesango-2021), kwathi esangoJulayi kuyangoSepthemba senyuka ngaphezu kwango-38%.
Lezi zinguquko zidala ukunyuka kwaloku ongoti bezomnotho abakubiza ngamaginxiginxi, phecelezi i-volatility. Njengoba lichaza iBhange loMbuso ngezinguquko kwezolimo zenza kubenzima ukubikezela izinga lokukhula komnotho wezwe.
Sibalulekile lesi sibikezelo. Abaphathi bomnotho wezwe, njengeBhange loMbuso, basebenzisa sona ezinhlelweni zabo, kuthi umNyango weZimali usisebenzise ukuhlela izimali zikahulumeni. Nosomabhizinisi bayasicubungula kakhulu ukuhlela umkhiqizo wabo nekusasa lamabhizinisi.
Sezandile nezifo zemfuyo. IBhange loMbuso lithi sekubeneziqubu eziyishumi zokubheduka kwesifo amatele kusukela ngo-2019. Ngo-2022 sahlasela ezifundazweni eziyisithupha okwaba yisigameko sokuqala ngqa emlandweni weNingizimu Afrika ukuthi lesi sifo sibheduke engxenyeni enkulu kangaka yezwe.
Umbiko weBureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (iBFAP) neBureau for Economic Research (iBER) ugcizelela okushiwo yiBhange loMbuso. Lo mbiko ubuyekeza isimo sezolimo kusukela ngo-1994 kuze kufike ngo-2024.
Uthi isikali somkhiqizo wezolimo sincike ezintweni ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kuya ngokuthi abalimi bafuna ukutshala indawo engakanani nokuthi bathola isivuno esingakanani. Umthamo abawutshalayo uncike ekutheni balindele isimo sezulu esinjani ngesikhathi uma sebezotshala. Isivuno sabo sincike ekutheni sibanjani isimo sezulu ngesikhathi izitshalo sezikhula kuze kufike isikhathi sokuvuna.
Lo mbiko ugcizelela ukuthi noma umkhiqizo wezolimo uyingxenye encane yomkhiqizo womnotho wezwe lonke kodwa ingxenye ephakathi kuka-13.6% no-15.4% yomkhiqizo wezwe incike kwezolimo.
Isizathu wukuthi abalimi bathenga izinto abazisebenzisa emapulazini – ogandaganda neminye imishini, njengeyokuvuna namakhemikhali.
Okwesibili, ingxenye yomkhiqizo wabalimi isetshenziswa ngamafemu ukukhiqiza ukudla nezinye izimpahla.
Yomibili le mibiko, oweBhange loMbuso noweBFAP neBER ikhomba ukuthi zisabalulekile ezolimo ezweni kanti futhi zisazoqhubeka nokubayingxenye esemqoka emnothweni wezwe.
