Ukukweleta omasipala kukhinyabeza ukuhambisa izidingo kubantu, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ISAMBA semali ekweletwa omasipala eNingizimu Afrika isinyuke ngokuphindwe kathathu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, okuyinkomba yesimo esibucayo sezimali zomasipala.
Lesi simo sisho ukwehla kwamandla omasipala okumelana nezidingo zezakhamuzi, okubeka intuthuko yezwe engcupheni njengoba omasipala beneqhaza elibalulekile kakhulu kuloku. Nokwanda kwezikhukhula, ikakhulu ezindaweni ezisondelene nolwandle, kudinga omasipala abanamandla ngokwezimali.
Imininingwane ngokwanda kwezikweletu ivezwa wumbiko ngesimo sezimali zomasipala okhishwe wumNyango weziMali kuleli sonto. Lo mbiko owemali eqoqwe futhi yasetshenziswa womasipala ezinyangeni ezintathu zokugcina (u-Okthoba kuya ngoDisemba) zango-2024.
Ekupheleni kwangoDisemba wangonyaka odlule omasipala bebekweletwa uR405 billion, isamba esinyuke kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa noR96.6bn wangesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2014. Ingxenye enkulu yalezi zikweletu eyazakhamuzi – uR291bn – esiyenyuke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nesamba sesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2014 (uR60.5bn).
Ukunyuka ngesivinini kwalezi zikweletu kungenye yemiphumela yezinga eliphansi lokukhula komnotho, okuyinto esineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yenzeka. Loku sekudale ukwanda kwabantula umssebenzi nabahluphekayo. Nabantu abasebenzayo bazithola bempintshekile ngoba imiholo yabo ayinyukile ngezinga elingamelana nelokunyuka kwezindleko zempilo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule umnotho wezwe ubukhula ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu. Isikalo sokukhula komnotho sikhomba ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwawo phakathi kwango-2014 no-2023, libe wu-0.8% ngonyaka.
Leli zinga lingaphansi kwelokwanda kwabantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokukhula komnotho nelokwanda kwabantu kuthathwa wongoti kwezomnotho nentuthuko yezwe njengenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile.
Isizathu saloku wukuthi ukwanda kwabantu ezweni kusho ukunyuka kwezidingo zabo zempilo, ingxenye yazo ehlinzekwa wuhulumeni. Lapha singabalula ezempilo nezemfundo. Kusho isidingo sezikhungo zemfundo nokuqeqeshelwa amakhono, nokunyuka kwezidingo zezibhedlela nemitholampilo.
Uma izinga lokukhula komnotho liphansi kunelokwanda kwabantu isikhathi eside kungasho ukwehla kwamandla kahulumeni okuhlinzeka izakhamuzi. Kakade uhulumeni uthola imali oyisebenzisayo ngentela, inani eliqoqwayo elincike kakhulu ezingeni lokukhula komnotho wezwe.
Esinye sesizathu sokunyuka kwenani lemali ekweletwa womasipala yizinga lokunyuka ngamawala kwentengo kagesi. I-Council for Scientific and Industrial Research isanda kubika ukuthi intengo kagesi inyuka cishe ngokuphindwe kabili – ngo-190% – phakathi kwango-2014 nango-2024.
Lesi yisikhungo sikahulumeni esenza ucwaningo. Intengo yamanzi neyentela ekhokhwa ngabanikazi bezindlu (esuselwa esikalini sokuthi indlu ingadayiswa ngamalini), nako kunyuke ngezinga eliphezulu.
Izinga eliphansi lokukhula komnotho elithatha iminyaka njengoba sekwenzekile ezweni lisho ukwanda kwabantu abantula imisebenzi nabahluphekayo. Loku kwenza izakhamuzi eziningi zingakwazi ukumelana nezindleko zokukhokhela omasipala.
Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi ezigabeni ezintathu zikahulumeni (owezwe, owesifundazwe nowendawo) omasipala behlukile. Bona bathola ingxenye enkulu yemali abayisebenzisayo ngokudayisa ngezidingo ezifana nogesi namanzi.
ISabelomali esithulwa njalo ngonyaka wungqongqoshe womNyango weziMali siyakukhombisa loku. Ingxenye enkulu yaso iya kuhulumeni wezwe (u-49%) nabezifundazwe (u-41.5%), omasipala bathole u-9.5%.
Ngamanye amazwi, omasipala bancike kakhulu emalini abayiqoqa ngokudayisla izakhamuzi izidingo ezinjengogesi namanzi. Noko mkhulu umehluko kuloku phakathi komasipala basemadolobheni nabasemakhaya.
Uhulumeni wasungula uhlelo ngo-2001 lokuxhasa imindeni ehluphekayo. Lolu hlelo lunika le mindeni ingxenye yezidingo zayo okuwugesi namanzi mahhala. Noko lolu hlelo alusebenzi ngendlela eyayihlosiwe. Kunemibiko ethi lwagcina selu“dliwe” wosopolitiki behlomulisa ngalo izihlobo nabangani.
Kumqulu ohambisana neSabelomali sika-2025 umNyango weziMali uthi izinkinga zomasipala azigcini nje kuphela ngezimali. Uthi lezi zinkinga zixube abaphathi bezepolitiki abangekho ezingeni elifanele. Inkulu futhi inkinga ngezikhulu zomasipala. Ngisho nomcwaningimabhuku-jikelele sekukaningi ekhomba loku, ethi inkinga abaphathi bezepolitiki nezikhulu zomasipala.
Enye yezinkinga edalwa yiloku ukuhluleka komasipala ukufunda amamitha amanzi nogesi, okuyisekelo sokuqoqwa kwemali ekweletwa omasipala. Okunye wukuthi osopolitiki nezikhulu zomasipala abekhomagange ukuqoqa izimali ezikweletwa yizakhamuzi, ikakhulu uma loku kudinga ukuthi banqamule ukuthumela ugesi namanzi emizini ekweletayo.
Esinye isizathu sokunyuka kwemali ekweletwa womasipala wukwanda kwabantu ababika ukuthi abagculisekile ngezidingo abazithola komasipala. Miningi imibiko ethi izinga lamanzi aligculisi nogesi awutholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwezinye izindawo izakhamuzi zihlala isikhathi eside zingawutholi ugesi.
Ukungatholakali kukagesi ngaso sonke isikhathi akudalwa yizinkinga ze-Eskom kuphela. Kubuye kudalwe yizinkinga zomasipala njengoba sebeneminyaka bengavuseleli kabusha iziteshi ezithumela ugesi ezindlini.
Zibalulekile lezi ziteshi njengoba zehlisa amandla kagesi osuka lapho uphehlwa khona, ziwubeke ezingeni elingasetshenziswa ezindlini.
Ukuvuselela lezi ziteshi kudinga imali. Ukwanda kwemali ekweletwa omasipala kusho ukuthi omasipala ngeke babenayo le mali noma eyanele izidingo, okwandisa isimo esibucayi somasipala kuthikameze nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi.
