Izisebenzi zikahulumeni azisazazi izinkinga ezibhekene nomphakathi, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
UKUXAZULULA izinkinga ezikhungethe iNingizimu Afrika kudinga izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezinamakhono nolwazi olunzulu, hhayi kuphela nje ngomsebenzi okumele wenziwe kodwa nangesimo sempilo yezakhamuzi zezwe ngokuhluka kwendlela eziphila ngayo.
Kuloku kubalulekile ukuthi kubenezisebenzi eziphuma emiphakathini yonkana yezwe ngokuhlukana kwayo futhi kubeyizisebenzi ezinezwi elizwakalayo uma kuthathwa izinqumo. Yingakho amazwe amaningi esevame ukugcizelela izinhlelo ezingaphansi kohlelo olubizwa nge-diversity, okusho ukumeleleka kwazo zonke izinhlaka.
Igebe phakathi kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni, ikakhulu ezithatha izinqumo ngezinhlelo zawo (uhulumeni), nemiphakathi impilo yawo encike kakhulu ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni kudala izinkinga. Inkinga enkulu wukuthi izinqumo zikahulumeni zivame ukuphambana nendlela imiphakathi ephila ngayo, okusho ukuthi okuhlongozwa njengezisombululo akushayi khona.
Izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika zehluke ngemikhakha eminingi. Kunabantu abahlala emakhaya nasemadolobheni (amakhulu namancane, okuhambisana nomehluko omkhulu ngezingqinamba okubhekwana nazo). Ziyehluka nezifundazwe ngezindlela eziningi. Amalokishini akhiwa ohulumeni babelungu ngesikhathi sobandlululo nawo anomehluko.
imijondolo nayo yehluke ngemikhakha yayo. Omunye umehluko wemijondolo ukusondelana noma ukuqhelelana kwayo namathuba emisebenzi nokuthi isemadolobheni amakhulu noma amancane.
Izakhamuzi zibuye zihluke ngamazinga emfundo (abaqede uMatikuletsheni, abangaqedanga isikole, abaya enyuvesi noma ekolishi), amakhono emisebenzi nezinhlobo zemisebenzi (okuhambisana nomehluko ngemiholo).
Konke loku kuhambisana nomehluko ngendlela izakhamuzi ezibhekana ngayo nezinkinga, ikakhulu umsuka wazo. Izisombululo ngokunjalo zibanomehluko.
Phakathi kweziqavile, izinkinga zemfundo engekho ezingeni elingathuthukisa izwe libeyingxenye yamazwe avelele entuthukweni yabantu nobukhulu bomnotho.
Imfundo ihluke kathathu. Izikole ezingaphansi kukahulumeni ezihlukene ngeminxa emibili – ezikhokhelwayo nezingakhokhelwa. Mkhulu-ke umehluko kwezingaphansi kukahulumeni uma kukalwa ngemiphumela yazo. Zithwele nzima ezingakhokhelwa njengoba sekuneminyaka uhulumeni unciphisa izabelomali.
Ezikoleni ezizimele nakhona kunomehluko, isibonelo okuba wukubiza kwazo okuhambisana nemiphumela esezingeni eliphezulu unyaka nonyaka.
Enye inkinga egqamile eyamathuba emisebenzi, ehambisana namakhono, izinga lokukhula komnotho nezinkinga ezidalwa yigebe phakathi kwezindawo lapho abantu abadinga umsebenzi behlala khona nezikhungo lapho kunamathuba omsebenzi.
Uma singenza isibonelo, ukudala amathuba omsebenzi kudinga ukuthi kubhekelwe zonke izinhlobo zabantu. Njengoba kuveza izibalo zeStatistics South Africa ngesimo semisebenzi kuleli zwe, angconywana amathuba okuthola umsebenzi kubantu abaphothule uMatikuletsheni kunawabangaqedanga isikole. Abuye anyuke kwabathole iziqu zasenyuvesi.
Ukusweleka kwamathuba omsebenzi inkinga yezwe lonke kodwa abaswele umsebenzi abahlangani nale nkinga ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izindawo. Lubalulekile-ke ulwazi ngalo mehluko, okungelula ukuthi utholakale kwimininingwane eqoqwa ngesimo semisebenzi.
Uhlobo lwezinkinga zabantu abafuna umsebenzi nalo luyehluka. Kubantu abahlala kude nezizinda zomnotho kudingeka izinto zokugibela ezishibhile ukuze bayofesa.
Nakhona kungadingeka ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi uhulumeni ungenelele ngokuxhasa ukuze abantu abafuna umsebenzi bakwazi ukufesa. Okunye okungenziwa wuhulumeni ukuvula amahhovisi emphakathini, ukuze axhumanise abaqashi nabantu abafuna umsebenzi.
Yingakho izinhlaka zikahulumeni zontathu – owezwe, owezifundazwe nomasipala – kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi ayiqashi kuphela abantu abaphuma emkhakheni owodwa.
Sekwandile ukuthi abantu abazalelwa emiphakathini ethile bayishiye uma sebephothule imfundo yabo bayohlala ezindaweni okwakungezasesilungwini kuqala. Ngelinye iso loku kungathathwa njengenqubekelaphambili yabantu abakhulela kule miphakathi. Izingane ezikhulele esilungwini azisenalo ulwazi ngempilo ephilwa ezikhulele elokishini.
Owayewumeluleki omkhulu ngezomnotho kuhulumeni waseNdiya uMnu uKaushik Basu uchaza kabanzi ngalesi simo encwadini yakhe esihloko sithi An Economist in the Real World: The Art of Policymaking in India.
Ukuba yisisebenzi sikahulumeni kwasho ukuthi akasabhekani nezinkinga izakhamuzi zaseNdiya ezihlangabezana nazo uma zizama ukuxhumana neminyango kahulumeni.
Ukuvuselela izincwadi zakhe zokushayela kwaphela ukubayinkinga ngoba ihhovisi lakhe lalivele lixhumane nomnyango ofanele, zivuselelwe izincwadi zakhe ngokushesha, athi kwakuthatha isikhathi esifanayo nesamazwe athuthukile ngokomnotho.
Ukufaka amaphepha entela ekupheleni konyaka nako kwayeka ukubayinkinga kuyena ngoba izikhulu zomnyango wezezimali ayesebenzisana nazo zazixhumene nabalingani emnyangweni wentela.
Uthi uma engena kuhulumeni wanikwa imoto nomshayeli, nophethroli awuzange ubeyinkinga kuyena ngoba imoto yayigcwaliswa uhulumeni. Uthi kwakucaca ukuthi izikhulu zikahulumeni zasezingazi nokuthi uphethroli ubiza malini.
Izikhulu eziphezulu kuhulumeni waseNdiya ziphila impilo elula ngoba azibhekani nezinkinga izakhamuzi ezibhekana nazo uma zizama ukuxhumana neminyango kahulumeni. Kubayinkinga enkulu loku, ngokusho kukaBasu, ngoba izisebenzi zikahulumeni eNdiya zihlala kuze kufike impesheni.
Loku kusho ukuthi izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezinezikhundla eziphezulu sezakhohlwa ukuthi isizwe siphila kanjani, ikakhulu izinkinga esibhekana nazo uma sizama ukuthola usizo kuhulumeni.
NaseNingizimu Afrika inkulu le nkinga. Yingakho kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi abantu abathatha izinqumo, noma abanezwi elizwakalayo, basaxhumene futhi banolwazi olunzulu ngezinkinga imiphakathi yezwe ebhekene nazo.
