Akuthi shu ukwanda kwezitshudeni ezimnyama ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme uma umnotho usazenzela phansi, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

LIKHULU igebe kwezemfundo ephakeme phakathi kwabantu abamnyama nezinye izinhlanga, ikakhuluka amaNdiya nabeLungu. Noma sesinyukile isibalo sabantu abamnyama abasemanyuvesi nakwezinye izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kusukela ngo-2002 kodwa sisephansi esabaneminyaka (ephakathi kwewu-18 newu-29) abangena kulezi zikhungo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanga.

Njengoba sisanda kubika kule ngosi, kubi nakulabo asebedlulela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme. Kutholakala ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yalaba bafundi ayikulungele ukubhekana nezidingo zaleli zinga lemfundo.

Ziwu-30% kuphela izitshudeni ezifika enyuvesi eNingizimu Afrika ukuyofundela iziqu zokuqala eziphothula eminyakeni emithathu enqunyelwe lolu hlobo lweziqu. Zwu-66% eziphothula emva kweminyaka eyisihlanu.

Kwezenza iziqu zobunjiniyela ezithatha iminyaka emine ziwu-24% eziphothula ngesikhathi, isibalo esinyukela ku-60% uma kukalwa iminyaka eyisithupha seloku zangena enyuvesi. Kwezesayensi, ziwu-21% eziphothula eminyakeni emithathu ekalelwe lolu hlobo lweziqu.

Nakwizitshudeni ezixhaswa yisikhwama sikahulumeni iNational Student Financial Aid Scheme sibi isimo. Ingxenye ewu-44% yazo kuze kudlule iminyaka emihlanu zingakaziphothuli iziqu zokuqala kanti ezinye zihlala isikhathi eside, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisihlanu zingaphothulile.

Phezu kwaloku, iningi lezitshudeni enyuvesi lenza izifundo ezingahambelani nezidingo zomnotho wezwe, ikakhulu amathuba omsebenzi. Siya ngokwehla isibalo sezitshudeni ezingena emikhakheni yesayensi, ubunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe. Eziningi zingena kwezemfundo (20%) nomkhakha wezifundo obizwa nge-humanities.

Umbiko okhishwe iStatistics South Africa (iStats SA) kuleli sonto i-General Household Survey yango-2024 uveza ukuthi beziwu-980 000 (zaziwu-613 000 ngo-2002) izitshudeni ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ngo-2024. Eziwu-77% kuzona ngabantu abamnyama, isibalo esinyuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-2002 (60%). 

Uma lesi sibalo sabantu abamnyama besiqhathaniswa nesabaneminyaka ewu-18 kuya kwewu-29 basilele kakhulu abamnyama kunezinye izinhlanga.

Ingxenye yabomdabu (abaneminyaka ewu-18 kuya kwewu-29) abasezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme iwu-4.6%, isibalo esingakashintshi kakhulu kunesango-2019 (sasiwu-4.3%). Sesinyukile kunesango02002 (sasiwu-2.9%).

Ahamba phambili amaNdiya, okutholakala ukuthi ingxenye yawo (eno-18 kuya ku-29) esezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme ingaphezudlwana kuka-21% (ayewu-12.8% ngo-2002) kanti ngo-2019 ayewu-17.4%. KubeLungu ingu-14.5% ingxenye (18-29) esezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme.

FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2025/05/14/uhulumeni-awuze-namacebo-okudala-imisebenzi-izingqapheli/

Lo mbiko weStats SA wenziwa minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-2002. Ucwaninga ngezemfundo, ezempilo, isimo sezindlu, ezolimo nesimo sokutholakala kokudla nezinsiza zomphakathi njengamanzi nogesi. Inhloso yawo wukwazi ukuthi izwe liyathuthuka yini, lime nse noma lihlehlela emuva.

Enye yezimbangela zesibalo esiphansi sezitshudeni ezimnyama ezidlulela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme kungenzeka ukuthi yingoba ingxenye enkulu yazo isezikoleni okungakhokhwa kuzona. Lolu hlobo lwezikole luthwele kanzima njengoba sekuneminyaka uhulumeni unciphisa imali oyabela zona ukuze kuliwe nokwanda kokunyuka kwemali oyibolekayo nenzalo yayo.

I-Stats SA ithi babewu-15.6 million abafundi ezikoleni ngo-2024, u-65.7% wabo ofunda ezikoleni okungakhokhwa kuzona, okuyisibalo esinyuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa no-2007 (21.4%). Isifundazwe esihamba phambili kuloku yiLimpopo, lapho ingxenye yabafundi kulolu hlobo lwezikole iwu-89.8%. INtshonalanga Kapa isemsileni ngo-51.2%.

Lezi zibalo zingenye yezinkomba zokwanda kwenhlupheko ezweni, okuhambisana nokuncipha kwamathuba emisebenzi. Sekudlule iminyaka ecela kwewu-15 umnotho wezwe ukhula ngezinga elingaphansi kuka-3%.

Osomnotho bathi umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika udinga ukukhula ngezinga elingekho ngaphansi kuka-3% ngonyaka – lihle kakhulu elingaphezu kakhulu kunalokhu – ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nezidingo zalo.  Enye yezidingo ezinkulu wukudaleka kwamathuba emisebenzi. 

Nokho awekho amathemba okuthi kuzokwenzeka maduze lokhu njengoba i-International Monetary Fund ithi umnotho wezwe uzokhula ngokungaphansi kuka-2% kuze kushaye u-2030. Nengxenye yabantu abantula umsebenzi nayo izohlala ingaphezu kwango-32% kuze kushaye u-2030.

Ukunyuka kwesibalo sabafundi abasezikoleni okungakhokhwa kuzona kuzobaneminye imiphumela engemihle. Omkhulu kuzoba wukuncipha kwamathuba ezizukulwane zabantu abamnyama ezingezukuthola amathuba okuzithuthukisa.

Eminyakeni edlule osomnotho nongoti kwezemfundo bebethi imfundo iyisikhali esisemqoka sokuzithuthukisa. Bebethi nomuntu ophuma ekhaya elihluphekayo angakwazi ukushintsha impilo yakhe uma ethola imfundo, ikakhulu uma edlulela ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme.

Kodwa isishintshile inkulumo. Ongoti bathi kubalulekile ukuthi umfundi uthola isisekelo semfundo esinjani. Njengoba imiphumela yemfundo ephakeme esiyichaze ngenhla iveza ukuthi abafundi abangena emanyuvesi bengekho ezingeni lokumelana nezidingo zemfundo ephakeme bathwala kanzima, okungagcina ngokuthi bashiye bengaphothulile.

Usomnotho weBhange loMhlaba uNks uForhad Shilpi wabika ngo-2021 ukuthi isimo sempilo yomndenini womfundi sineqhaza elikhulu kwikusasa lakhe. Ucwaningo lwakhe e-Indonesia lwaveza ukuthi noma ngabe uhlakaniphe kanjani umfundi ophuma ekhaya lapho abazali bengafundile ngeke akwazi ukumela nomfundi ophuma ekhaya elinabazali abafundile.

Waphawula ukuthi abazali abafundile basebenzisa ekufundiseni izingane zabo imali ephezulu kunalabo abangafundile. ENingizimu Afrika abazali abanemali bathumela izingane zabo ezikoleni ezizimele, kuthi abanye bakhokhele izifundo eziseceleni. 

Umfundi ophuma ekhaya elingamile kahle ufakwa esikoleni okungakhokhwa kusona, lapho izinga lemfundo liphansi kanti futhi abazali abanamandla okukhokhela izifundo eziseceleni.