Sidinga umnotho ozovula amathuba omsebenzi entsheni, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
SESINYUKE kakhulu isibalo sabafundi baseNingizimu Afrika abaphothula uMatikuletsheni kodwa iningi labo elingondingasithebeni ngoba alisebenzi futhi alidluleli ezikhungweni zemfundo ephakeme nezokuqeqeshela amakhono.
Lesi simo sibeka engcupheni ikusasa lezwe nempilo yentsha ikakhulu njengoba sekuvele kunemibiko ekhomba ukuthi kuyanda ukudla izidakamizwa nokuphazamiseka engqondweni. Ukwanda kobugebengu, ikakhulu obuhambisana nodlame, ngenye yezinkomba.
Lesi simo iNingizimu Afrika ezithola kusona sicishe sifane nokwenzeka eZimbabwe. Emva kokuthola inkululeko ngo-1980, uhulumeni waMnu uRobert Mugabe wandisa amathuba ezemfundo nokuqeqesha kodwa intsha eyaphothula isikole yaqeqeshwa kodwa lutho amathuba omsebenzi.
Inkinga enkulu kwabawumnotho wezwe, isimo esichazwa kabanzi encwadini yongoti bezomnotho uCarolyn Jenkins noJohn Knight ethi The Economic Decline of Zimbabwe: Neither Growth nor Equity.
UMugabe wayehlose ukukhulisa umnotho wezwe kodwa ngendlela evulela futhi yandisele amathuba abantu bomdabu njengoba babenesikhathi eside becindezelwe emva kokuthathwa kwezwe labo ngamaNgisi. Enye yezinjongo zakhe kwabawukwandisa amathuba emfundo nokuqeqesha, okwafezeka nokho saphika isimo somnotho. Ziningi-ke izizathu. Ngeke sigxile kuzona lapha. Kodwa kuyazeka ukuthi kwagcina kwenzekeni eZimbabwe.
Zine izizathu zesimo iNingizimu Afrika ekusona. Esokuqala, yisikhathi eside. Iminyaka engaphezulu kwewu-13 umnotho wezwe ukhula ngezinga eliphansi kwelidingekayo ukuze kwande amathuba emisebenzi.
Akukho zimpawu zokuthi kuzobanoshintsho maduze nje. I-International Monetary Fund (i-IMF) ibikezela ukuthi umnotho wezwe uzoqhubeka ukhule ngezinga elingaphansi kwango-2% ngonyaka kuze kubewu-2030.
Esesibili, wukuncipha kwamathuba omsebenzi, okuzwela kakhulu kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka ewu-35. Nalapha, i-IMF ithi isibalo sabantu abantula umsebenzi ezweni lisazoqhubeka libe ngaphezu kuka-32% kuze kubewu-2030.
Esesithathu, wukwehla kwamandla kahulumeni okwandisa isabelomali semfundo ephakeme nezokuqeqesha.
Esokugcina, wukwanda kokungabaza kwabaqashi amakhono abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwewu-15 newu-35.
FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2022/11/09/ziningi-izindlela-esingazisebenzisa-ukuvulela-intsha-amathuba-emisebenzi-kuloba-untokozo-biyela/
Loku kuvezwa wumbiko okhishwe yi-Research on Socio-Economic Policy, uphiko lweStellenbosch University. Uhlanganiswe omunye wongoti kulolu phiko wuDkt uGrabrielle Wills, omunye wongoti abathathu ababhale izahluko zawo.
Sizogxila kokubhalwe wuDkt uWills ecwaninga ngesimo sabafundi abaphothula uMatikuletsheni. Okokuqala uphawula ukwehla kwamathuba omssebenzi kubantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24, isimo esihambisana nokwehla kwezinga lokukhula komnotho.
Okwesibili uthi asenciphile amathuba okudlulela emfundweni ephakeme nezikhungo zokuqeqesha amakhono. Isizathu uthi wukuncipha kwemali.
Uthi sinyukile isibalo sabantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 abaphothula uMatikuletsheni, elinyuke lafinyelela ku-64% ekuqaleni kwango-2024 uma liqhathaniswa no-48% ngo-2010.
Buningi ubufakazi bokuthi angcono amathuba enqubekelaphambili empilweni, ikakhulu ngomsebenzi, kumuntu ophuthule uMatikuletsheni nemfundo ephakeme noma onekhono kunongenawo.
Nokho ukwanda kwabantu abanoMatikuletsheni kuhambisana nokunyuka kwesibalo sabantu abawondingasithebeni, abaziwa ngama-NEET, okumele ukuthi not in employment, education or training.
Ngaphambi kokubheduka kwe-COVID-19 ngo-2020, isibalo sama-NEET sasingedlulile ku-45%. Safinyelela ku-47.5% ngasekuqaleni kwango-2021, sabawu-55% ekuqaleni kwango-2022. Noma sesehlile kodwa ekuqaleni kwango-2025 sasingaphansana nje kuka-50%, okuyizinga elingaphezulu kwango-2014 kuya ngo-2019.
UDkt uWills uthi isibalo sama-NEET anoMatikuletsheni kodwa aseqede unyaka efuna umsebenzi sesinyuke safinyelela ku-32% ekuqaleni kwango-2024 uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2014 (sasiwu-27.2%).
Ukhathazekile ngesimo sokwanda kwabantu (abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24) abanoMatikuletsheni kodwa abayingxenye yama-NEET. Babewu-37.1% ngo-2014 kanti bafinyelele ku-49% ngasekuqaleni kwango-2024.
Uthi ukunyuka kwentsha engama-NEET kuhambisana nokuncipha kwamathuba omssebenzi, okwaqala ngo-2008 ngesikhathi sokuwa komnotho emhlabeni, phecelezi i-global financial crisis, eyadalwa yizinkinga emnothweni waseMelika, kwanyusa kakhulu ukumiswa kwezingxenye eziningi zomnotho emva kokubheduka kwe-COVID-19. Ekuqaleni kwango-2014, kubantu abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-24 abanoMatikuletsheni, babewu-19% abasebenzayo, isibalo esehla kakhulu ngekota yesibili yango-2020, safinyelela ku-11.7%.
Kulinganiswa ukuthi le ngxenye yenyuka yafinyelela ku-15.6% ngasekuqaleni kwango-2024, okuyizinga eliphansi kunelango-2014.
UDkt uWills uthi ukuncipha kwamathuba okungena enyuvesi nezinye izikhungo zokuqeqesha kuhambisana nesimo samathuba emisebenzi sekwandise isibalo sama-NEET.
Imininingwane ekhishwa yiStatistics South Africa ikhomba ukuthi isibalo sabantu abaminyaka ewu-15-24 abadlulela enyuvesi nezikhungo zokuqeqeshwa asinyukanga kangako eminyakeni eyishumi (u-2014 kuya ngo-2024).
Sasuka ku-10.4% ngo-2014, safinyelela ku-13.1% ngo-2024. Loku kwenyuka kwabaseminyakeni engaphambi kwango-2018 – phakathi kwango-2018 no-2024 asinyukanga nhlobo.
Uxwayisa ngokuthi kufanele lusukunyelwe lolu daba ngoba lubeka engcupheni ikusasa labantu abasakhula. Uphawula ukuthi kufanele imigomo kahulumeni igxile kakhulu ekwandiseni amathuba emfundo ephakeme nokuqeqeshelwa amakhono.
Uqhuba athi kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi amakhono atholakalo kulezi zikhungo yilawo adingwa ngabaqashi ngoba yiloku okuyovulela intsha amathuba enqubekelaphambili.
Konke loku kudinga umnotho okhula ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kunobekuyiko eminyaka engaphe kweyishumi. Kufanele kunyuke nesabelomali semfundo ephakeme nezikhungo zokuqeqeshela amakhono.
