Uhulumeni kufanele uyifakele izibuko eyamabhizinisi angakhokhi i-VAT, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

IZIBALO  ezintsha ezikhishwe yiStatistics South Africa (iStats SA) zikhomba ukuthi siyehla isibalo sabantu bomdabu abanamabhizinisi angabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni, ikakhulu lawo angakhokhi i-value-added tax (i-VAT). 

Okuthusayo ukuthi ngabomdabu abantula amathuba omsebenzi kakhulu kunezinye izinhlanga.

I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi ingxenye yabomdabu abathathwa njengezisebenzi, phecelezi working age population, abanamabhizinisi alolu hlobo lehla kakhulu phakathi kuka-2001 no-2023. Lehla lisuka ku-9.7% ngo-2001, lafinyelela ku-5% ngo-2023. 

Ingxenye yesizwe ethathwa njengezisebenzi yenziwa ngabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-64, okukhishwe kuyo abasezikoleni nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme nezokuqeqeshela amakhono.

Ingxenye yabantu (abaxube izinhlanga zonke) abaneminyaka ewu-15 kuya kwewu-64 ephethe lolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi yehle kakhulu. Isuke ku-8.3% ngo-2001, yafinyelela ku-3.5% ngo-2009. 

Noma ithe ukunyuka emva kwango-2009, ime ku-4.6% ngo-2023. Ngokwesibalo sabantu ezweni abanohlobo lwamabhizinisi amancane angabhalisiwe ngokomthetho we-VAT sasiwu-2.6 million ngo-2001. Emva kokwehla safinyelela ku-1.1m ngo-2009, senyuka saze safinyelela ku-1.86m ngo-2023. Izifundazwe ezishayeke kakhulu ngaloku kubeyiKwaZulu-Natali neNorth West. 

Le mininingwane iphuma kwi-Survey of Employers and the Self-Employed. Inhloso yayo wukuthola imininingwane ngegalelo kwezomnotho wezwe lamabhizinisi angabhaliselwe i-VAT. Ihlose nokuthola imininingwane ngabantu abakula mabhizinisi abakhokha ezinye izinhlobo zentela nokwandisa ulwazi ngalolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi.

Le mininingwane ihambisana nezinye izinkomba, ikakhulu zokwanda emalokishini nezinye izindawo okuhlala kuzona abomdabu kwamabhazinisi angabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni, afana namaspaza, asephethwe ngabantu bokufika.

Lolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi seluneminyaka lususa uthuthuva. Lolu thuthuva lusanda kususwa wukugula nokufa kwezingane okwavela ukuthi zazidle ezakuthenga kumaspaza.  

Inkinga enkulu ngokwehla kwenani labantu bomdabu abangena kulo mkhakha wamabhizinisi wukuthi sekuneminyaka ongoti kwezomnotho bethi lolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi luyithemba elikhulu lokwehlisa isibalo sabantu abantula amathuba omsebenzi ezweni. 

Isizathu sokuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi ezweni wukuthi umnotho wezwe awumkhulu ukuthi ungadala imisebenzi eyanele izidingo zezwe. Kanti futhi sekuneminyaka engaphezu kwewu-15 izinga lokukhula kwawo liphansi.

Amazwe asezingeni lentuthuko elifana neleNingizimu Afrika anabantu abaningi abasebenza kulolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi. Loku kwenza lamazwe abike inani eliphansi labantu abaswele umsebenzi. 

INingizimu Afrika ihamba phambili emazweni omhlaba ngokwesikali sabantu abantula imisebenzi. Zingaphezu kuka-30% izisebenzi (ezina-15 kuyaku-64) zakuleli zwe ezintula imisebenzi, okuyisibalo i-International Monetary Fund ethi ngeke sishintshe kuze kubewu-2030. 

Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokusungula lolu hlobo lwamabhizinisi ukuntuleka kwamathuba omsebenzi. I-Stats SA ibika ukuthi ingxenye ewu-57% yabantu abasungula la mabhizinisi babika ukuthi bathathe lesi sinyathelo ngoba bengawutholi umsebenzi noma bengenayo enye indlela yokungenisa imali.

Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abasungula amabhizinisi alolu hlobo, ikakhulu abomdabu, kuyinkomba yokuhluleka kohlelo lukahulumeni lokuseka ukusungula la mabhizinisi. 

Lolu hlelo, i-National Informal Business Upliftment Strategy, lwaqala ukusebenza ngo-2014. Umbiko weWorld Bank waveza ukuthi uhulumeni wabika ngo-2017 ukuthi lolu hlelo luyahluleka.

Esinye sezizathu sokwehla kwesibalo sabantu abasungula amabhizinisi amancane wukudlanga kobugebengu, ikakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala abantu bomdabu – emalokishini nasemijondolo. 

Nalapha iWorld Bank yabika ukuthi ubugebengu bunyusa izindleko zamabhizinisi, njengezokuthatha umshwalense nezokuphepha. Sekwandile ezindaweni zabantu bomdabu ukuthi osomabhizinisi baphoqwe yizigebengu ukukhokha imali “yokuvikelwa”.

I-World Bank yabika ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane awakwazi ukumelana nezindleko zomshwalense nezokuqasha onogada. Nobugebengu bokweba izintambo zikagesi buthwalisa amabhizinisi amancane kanzima ngoba kudala ukunqamuka kokufika kukagesi. Osomabhizinisi abancane abanawo amandla okumelana nezindleko ze-generator.

Nokho olunye uphenyo olwenziwa wongoti kwezomnotho lwakhomba ukuqhela kwabomdabu ezindaweni ezingamadolobha. Lesi simo sinomsuka emlandweni wezwe. Ngesikhathi becindezelwe, abantu bomdabu baphoqhwa ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikude nasemadolobheni njengoba ayethathwa ngokuthi ayizindawo zabelungu kuphela.

Lesi simo asikaguquki noma ubandlululo seluneminyaka engaphezulu kwewu-30 lwaphela. Sisho ukuthi abomdabu baqhelelene kakhulu nezindawo abangathola khona amakhasimende amaningi.

Leli gebe phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala abomdabu nezimakethe zasemasedolobheni alivaleki kahle njengoba zingekho izinto zokuthutha ezihamba kahle neshibhile. 

Uma osomabhizinisi abancane befuna ukuhweba emadobolobheni kufanele bakhokhe imali enkulu, okudla inzuzo yabo yokuhweba.

Mibili eminye imininingwane ekhishwe yiStats SA ethusayo ngesimo samabhizinisi amancane. Okokuqala, iStats SA ibika ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu besifazane nokwanda kwabantu besilisa kulo mkhakha wezamabhizinisi. Ngo-2001, ingxenye yabantu besifazane kulo mkhakha yayiwu-60.7%. Isiyehle kakhulu kusukela ngo-2009, yafinyelela ku-42.3% ngo-2023. 

Azicaci izizathu. Nokho kuyathusa ngoba abantu besifazane yibona abathwele kanzima ngesimo sokuntula amathuba omsebenzi.  Yisimo okufanele siphenywe kabanzi yiziphathimandla.

Okwesibili, ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu abangaqedanga isikole. Nalapha, imininingwane ngabantu abantula imisebenzi ikhomba ukuthi mancane amathuba okuthola umsebenzi kubantu abangaqedanga isikole. 

Uma ukusungula ibhizinisi elingabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni kuyindlela yokuziphilisa kulindeleke ukuthi abangaqedanga isikole bagcwale kulo mkhakha.

Nalapha iziphathimandla kufanele ziphenyisise izizathu, ngoba lesisimo sikhomba ukuthi kukhona izingqinamba abangaphothulanga isikole ababhekene nazo.