UmNyango weziMali ubhekene nomqansa wokulwa nenkinga yokugembula, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
UMNYANGO weziMali uhlongoza intela ewu-20% yokugembula okwenziwa wumuntu ezihlalele ekhaya kwiselula noma kwikhompyutha, phecelezi i-online gambling.
Uthi le ntela ehlongozwayo kuhloswe ngayo ukwehlisa izinga lokugembula elidala izinkinga emindenini nasemphakathini. Kuhlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu zokugembula. Esokuqala ngesabantu abagembula ngoba bechitha isizungu.
Esesibili kubengesabagembuli abathathwa ngokuthi banesifo sokugembula noma kunini. Esesithathu ngesabantu abangasakwazi ukuzikalela noma ukuzikhuza – bagembula baze badle nemali yokuthenga ukudla noma ukufundisa izingane. Bagcina ngokungena komashonisa.
Akucaci ukuthi okuhlongozwa wumnyango kuzosiza kanjani ngalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zabagembuli ezithathwa yiWorld Health Organization (iWHO) ngokuthi ziyizifo. Umuntu ogembula ngoba egula ngeke kubelula ukuthi ayeke ngoba sekunentela okumele ayikhokhe. Ngokunjalo nomuntu ogembula ngoba engasakwazi ukuzikhuza akulula ukuthi ayeke noma ehlise izinga lokugembula ngoba sekunentela okufanele ayikhokhe.
Izinkinga ngokugembula akuyona into entsha. Nakudala bekubanabantu abangasakwazi ukuzibamba ngokubhejela amahhashi. Bekujwayelekile ukuthi kubenendoda esihlale ilandelwa wumkayo ezothatha umholo emsebenzini ukuze ivinjwe ukuthi ingawufaki wonke emjahweni wamahhashi, ishiye umndeni ungasakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zempilo.
Ngaleyo minyaka imijaho yamahhashi yabe iyilona hlobo kuphela lokubheja olwalugunyazwe umthetho. Kwabuye kwavunyelwa amakhasino kodwa ngesikhathi sobandlululo ayevunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni ezazingaphansi kohumeleni babamnyama, njengeBophuthatswana neTranskei.
Kwabanezinguquko emva kokuthatha kukahulumeni wentando yabantu ngo-1994, kwavunyelwa amakhasino ezweni lonke, ikakhulu kusukela ngo-1996.
Ukwanda kokugembula okwenziwa ngeselula noma kwikhompyutha akuyona inkinga ebhekene neNingizimu Afrika kuphela. Namanye amazwe anale nkinga. Ziningi izizathu zokwanda kwayo. Esiqavile esiphathelene nokunyuka kwesibalo sabantu abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, ikakhulu amaselula.
ENingizimu Afrika kubikwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokugembula lwanda kakhulu ngesikhathi kuvalwe izingxenye eziningi zomnotho wezwe ngo-2020 ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okwanda kwe-Covid-19. Ngesikhathi abantu behleli noma besebenzela emakhaya baqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukugembula.
Umbiko okhishwe wumGcinimafa kuleli sonto uthi ngonyaka wezimali wango-2024/25 abantu bagembula ngo-R1.5 trillion, okuyimali enyuke ngo-31% emalini abagembula ngayo ngo-2023/24.
Ukubheja – uhlobo lokugembula – lwabayingxenye ewu-75%, kwathi amakhasino, abanengxenye ewu-19.5%. Imishini yokugembula etholakala ezitolo nakwezinye izindawo zokungcebeleka yadla u-3.6% kanti i-bingo yona yathola ingxenye ewu-1.8%.
Ingxenye enkulu u-98.8% – yemali yokubheja yangena ekubhejeleni imidlalo. Ingxenye encane yaya emahhashini. Cishe yonke imali (u-99.9%) eyangena ekubhejeleni imidlalo, yafakwa kuma-bookmaker, amabhizinisi ayizitolo lapho abantu ababhejayo bedlala khona futhi axube nezindlela zokubheja ngobuchwepheshe bamaselula namakhompyutha.
Intela ehlongozwa wumGcinimafa ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nento ethathwa yiWHO njengohlobo lwesifo. I-WHO ithi isifo sokugembula singafaniswa nezidakamizwa. Ukugembula kuhambisana nokuhluleka komuntu ukuzikhuza, ukusebenzisa imali ngokweqile ekugembuleni, ukudlula ezinye izidingo zempilo nokuphikelela nokugembula noma sekudala izinkinga.
Le nhlangano ibika ukuthi ukusebenzisa imali ekugembuleni kugcina ngokuthi umuntu noma umndeni wakhe ungakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zempilo. Umuntu noma umndeni ungagcina ngokulahlekelwa yindawo yokuhlala noma ungasakwazi ukumelana nezindleko zemfundo nezempilo.
I-WHO ibika ukuthi isifo sokugembula siphatha abesilisa kakhulu. Emhlabeni jikelele, u-11.9% wabantu besilisa banohlobo oluthize lwalesi sifo. Bawu-5.5% kuphela abantu besifazane abanale nkinga.
Abantu abasengcupheni abanoshintsho olukhulu ezimpilweni zabo, njengamadivosi, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ababhekene nokushona komuntu abasondelene naye. Nabantu abahluphekayo, njengabacabanga ukuthi bangawina imali engabakhipha ekuhluphekeni , basengcupheni.
I-WHO iphawule ukuthi ukwanda kwezikhangiso ezigqugquzela ukugembula ngobuchwepheshe okuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa ezemidlalo, kwandisa amathuba okwanda kwenkinga yokugembula, ikakhulu kubantu abasakhula. Sekwandile ukukhangisa ukugembula , ikakhulu ukubhejela ezemidlalo kuleli zwe. Kukhangiswa ezindaweni zomphakathi njengezikhumulo zamabhanoyi.
Ixwayise ngokuthi ukwanda kokugembula kubeka izwe engcupheni yenkohlakalo, evame ukuhambisana nokusekwa ngezimali kwezinhlangano zepolitiki yizinkampani zokugembula. Nalapha sekwandile ukuseka amaqembu epolitiki ngezimali yizinkampani zokugembula.
I-WHO iphinde ixwayise ngokuthi inzuzo etholwa wohulumeni ngentela evela kwezokugembula iphinde idale izinkinga ngoba ohulumeni bagcina sebehehwa yintela abayitholayo namathuba emisebenzi angadalwa yizinkampani zokugembula. Imali yentela namathuba emisebenzi izinto okulula ukuthi zibonakale kodwa izinkinga ezidalwa ukugembula zona zivame ukuthi zingaveli ezweni lonke.
