Sehlile isibalo sabalimi bamabele eNingizimu Afrika, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
MUDE umlando wamabele nabantu bomdabu eNingizimu Afrika. Amabele ayengesinye sezisekelo ezisemqoka zokudla kwesintu, ehambisana nophoko phecelezi i-finger millet. Imibiko emisha ikhomba ukuthi akusenjalo, kangangoba abalimi bakuleli zwe sebeyadikibala.
Usomnotho wezolimo uMnu uWandile Sihlobo usanda kubika ukuthi iya ngokuncipha kakhulu indawo abalimi abayinika amabele ngenxa yokuthi awathengwa futhi azitholakali ezinye izidingo angasetshenziselwa zona. Nesibalo esivunwayo sesehle kakhulu eminyaka engaphezu kwewu-30.
Kwehla nje ukutshwalwa kwamabele ezweni, ososayensi bokudla nezinguquko zesimo sezulu babika ukuthi kumele kubuyelwe emabeleni.
Abezokudla bathi mahle kakhulu amabele ekondleni umzimba, edlula okunye okusanhlamvu, okunjengokolweni nombila, osekutshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ukwenza ukudla.
Amabele awanalo i-protein i-gluten, elitholakala ezinhlamvini ezifana nokolo, elibayinkinga kwezinye izisu.
FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2025/04/16/ezolimo-zisemqoka-kakhulu-emnothweni-weningizimu-afrika-kuloba-ujabulani-sikhakhane/
Izondlamzimba ezinjengama-protein, ama-carbohydrate, amafutha namavithamini, kufanele zigayisiseke esiswini nasemathunjini ukuze zikwazi ukumuncwa wumzimba, zinike umuntu amandla futhi zenze eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile empilweni nasekusebenzeni kwezitho zomzimba.
Isisu somuntu sisebenzisa ama-enzyme ukugayisisa izakhamzimba ukuze zibesezingeni lokumunceka khona ziye lapho zidingeka khona emzimbeni.
I-protease egaya i-gluten ayiyigayisisi yonke, okwenza ingxenye ye-gluten idlulele emathunjini. Abanye ababinankinga kodwa iyahlupha kwabanye, idale izinkinga, njengokuqunjelwa nokunye.
Mahle amabele ngoba uhlobo lwesitashi sawo, okuyiyona ngxenye enkulu yawo, luthatha isikhathi eside ukugayeka uma siqhathaniswa nokunye ukudla okusanhlamvana. Loku kusho ukuthi i-glucose, okuwushukela onika umuntu amandla, ukhipheka izicubu ezincane ngesikhathi eside esiswini ungene egazini lomuntu.
Ukunyuka kakhulu kukashukela egazini emva kokudla okudalwa wukudla okusheshe kugayeke kudinga ukunyuka kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin, ubende i-pancreas. I-insulin ithutha i-glucose iyisusa egazini iye kuma-cell emzimbeni. Ukunyuka ngesivinini kwesidingo se-insulin kungagcina ngokudala izinkinga empilweni nasekusebenzeni kwezitho ezithile zomzimba.
Abezolimo bathi amabele awadingi umswakama omningi njengombila. Loku kwenza amabele abeyisitshalo esingamelana nezimo zamanje zokwanda kwesomiso. Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuhambisana nezikhukhula kwezinye izindawo nesomiso kwezinye.
Ingxenye enkulu yezwe ayikwazi ukumelana nolimo lwezitshalo ngoba ayitholi imvula eyanele. Nasezindaweni lapho abalimi bekwazi ukunisela izitshalo zabo, kufanele babenamanzi. Namanzi aphinde abeyinkinga kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulu lapho kungekho khona amadamu noma abalimi bengasondelene nemifula.
Konke loku kwenza amabele abeyisitshalo ososayensi bezolimo abathi kufanele kubuyelwe kusona. Kodwa uSihlobo uthi abantu abawathengi amabele nezinhlobo zezidlo ezenziwa ngawo, yingakho nje lehla inani labalimi abawatshalayo.
Uthi indawo etshalwe amabele yehle ngo-75% phakathi kwango-2024/25 nango-1990/91 kanti isivuno sawo sehle ngo-54%.
Amathemba kubalimi ngekusasa lamabele enyuka ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 ngesikhathi kwande izinkulumo zokuthi angase asetshenziswe ukwenza uhlobo lukaphethroli nodizili, olwaziwa nge-biofuels.
Noma kwabanemizamo eyenziwayo, phakathi kwayo okukhona neyayiholwa yi-Industrial Development Corporation (i-IDC), kodwa uSihlobo uthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabele ngale ndlela akuzange kubenenqubekelaphambili. Isaqhubeka noko imibiko ngokusetshenziswa kwamabele ukwenza lolu hlobo lukaphethroli nodizili kwamanye amazwe.
Isidingo samabele sisaqhubeka kwamanye amazwe, lapho sekwande amathemba okuthi angase abeyisidlo esisemqoka. Iphephandaba laseMelika i-Wall Street Journal , lisanda kubika ukuthi ayanda amathemba abalimi baseMelika okuthi amabele angase athole ingxenye enkulu emapletini okudla.
Abalimi baseMelika bethembele ekunyukeni kokusebenzisa amabele njengezidlo. Bathi loku kungabasiza ukuthola izimakethe ezintsha zomkhiqizo wabo. Bayazidinga izimakethe ezintsha ukuvala igebe elivulwe yimpi yezohwebo phakathi kweMelika ne-China.
Le mpi isho ukuthi intela yamabele athunyelwa iMelika eChina isinyuke kakhulu ngenxa yokunyuswa kwentela ekhokhelwa izimpahla zaseMelika ezifuna ukungena eChina.
I-China ibithenga uhhafu wonke womkhiqizo weMelika. Isebenzisa amabele ukwenza ukudla kwezingulube nohlobo lotshwala bakhona (eChina) i-baijiu.
Nakhona eMelika ingxenye eningi yamabele itshalwa ezindaweni ezingatholi mvula eningi.
I-Wall Street Journal ithi ingxenye enkulu yomkhiqizo wamabele eMelika usetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla kwemfuyo nohlobo lukaphethroli i-ethanol. Ingxenye yamabele asetshenziselwa ukwenza izidlo isiyenyukile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isuka ku-2% iya ku-5%. Yenza okubhakwayo, izidlo ezinhlamvana zasekuseni nokudla kwezingane.
Abalimi bamabele eMelika basebenzisana namanyuvesi ukuthuthukisa izinga lamabele nokunyusa ukusetshenziswa kwawo, ikakhulu ekwenzeni ukudla. Loku kuyisibonelo kwiNingizimu Afrika.
Amabele anomlando omude kubantu bomdabu kangangoba atholakala nasekubumbeni inkulumo, njengezaga. Inkomba yokubaluleka kwawo empilweni inkulumo ethi “usadla anhlamvana”. Nganhlamvana kusuke kushiwo amabele. Njengoba ebesetshenziswa ekugayeni utshwala, umuntu osephuze kakhulu bekuthiwa “weqiwe amabele”. Sekwehlile kakhulu nokho ukusetshenziswa kwamabele etshwaleni.
Noma sekwanda kakhulu ukusebenza kombila kodwa ungowokufika ezweni, ngama-1500s ufika namaPutukezi, ewuthatha e-Latin America. AmaPutukezi azinza lapho sekuyiMozambique khona, lapho abanezikhungo zokuhwebelana nezindawo ezingomakhelwane.
