INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nenselelo yokushoda kwamanesi abheka amadlelo aluhlaza phesheya, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ININGIZIMU Afrika namanye amazwe asathuthuka azobhekana nokushoda kwamanesi, ikakhulu anamakhono namava. Loku kungenxa kokungabibikho kwamanesi anele izidingo zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele.
Amazwe asathuthuka asenkingeni ngoba awanamali yokukhokhela amanesi imiholo ephezulu. Ukungabinamali eyanele izidingo zezempilo kusho ukuthi awakwazi ukuphucula izikhungo zezempilo – izibhedlela nemitholampilo – ukuze zibesezingeni eliphakeme. Loku kwenza izindawo amanesi asebenzela kuzona zibesezingeni eliphansi.
Isimo samanesi emhlabeni jikelele sigqanyiswa wumbiko okhishwe yinhlangano eyengamele ezempilo emhlabeni iWorld Health Organization (iWHO) kuleli sonto.
Uveze ukuthi noma amazwe asathuthuka esenyuse izinga lokukhiqiza amanesi kodwa amathuba emisebenzi awanyuki ngezinga elifanayo. Loku kusho ukuthi maningi amanesi aqeda ukuqeqeshwa kodwa angawutholi umsebenzi.
INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nalesi simo. Umbiko owakhishwa wuMnyango wezeMpilo ezweni lonke ngonyaka odlule waveza ukuthi ayengaphezu kuka-63% amanesi ayeqeqeshwe phakathi kwango-2013 no-2014 ayengakayitholi imisebenzi ngo-2015. Iningi lamanesi elalingayitholi imisebenzi lineminyaka ephakathi kuka-26 no-30.
Amanesi aseNingizimu Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ehluka ngemikhakha, ehambisana namazinga okuqeqeshwa neziqu zemfundo nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo. Umkhakha wama-enrolled nurse owohlobo lwamanesi ane-diploma kodwa asebenza engama-registered nurse, abantu abeneminyaka yomsebenzi nolwazi olunzulu.
Akulindelekile ukuthi lesi simo sesingcono. Isizathu, ukuncipha kwesabelomali eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi edlule, njengoba uhulumeni ubhekene nokunyuka kwengxenye yesabelomali esiphuma emalini ebolekiwe.
Loku kugcizelelwe wumNyango wezeMpilo okhomba isimo esibi sokushoda kwamanesi ezweni. Uthi amanesi ashoda ngenxa yokwanda kwezidingo zezempilo. Zimbili izizathu zaloku. Ukwanda kwabantu basezweni, babengaphezulu kuka-63 million ngo-2024 uma beqhathaniswa no-55m ngo-2015.
Okunye, wukwanda kwezifo, okunyusa izidingo zezempilo, okuyisimo esidala ingcindezi enkulu kwezempilo, ikakhulu ngesikhathi lapho uhulumeni unciphisa imali eyabelwa ezempilo.
Konke loku kwenzeka ngesikhathi nomnotho wezwe ungakhuli ngezinga elidingekayo ukuze kwande amathuba emisebenzi, okusho ukuthi bayanda nabantu abaphoqeka ukuthi bangene ezibhedlela zikahulumeni ngoba bengenamali yokuya kwezizimele. Imininingwane ye-Statistics South Africa ikhomba ukwehla kwenani labantu bomdabu abanomshwalense wezempilo.
UmNyango wezeMpilo uthi liyanda inani lamanesi anamava asethatha umhlalaphansi, okuyisimo esifanayo nasemazweni asethuthukile ngokombiko weWHO.
Landa nje inani labathatha umhlalaphansi eNingizimu Afrika, uhulumeni awukwazi ukuvala izikhala zabo. Yilapho-ke amazwe asathuthuka ehluka khona kunasethuthukile. Amazwe asethuthukile anemali yokuheha amanesi aphuma kwamanye amazwe ukuvala izikhala, ikakhulu zamanesi anamakhono anamava.
UmNyango wezeMpilo ukhombe nesimo lapho amanesi esebenzela khona. Sekuneminyaka kubikwa ukuthi izibhedlela zikahulumeni azikho esimweni esifanele izikhungo zempilo. Phezu kwaloku imiholo yamanesi, ikakhulu anamakhono aphezulu namava, ayikho ezingeni eliphezulu.
Umnyango uthi yingakho nje amanye amanesi esebabela emazweni asethuthukile, noma ephuma ebunesini angene kweminye imikhakha. Loku kufakazelwa wumbiko weWHO othi amazwe asethuthukile akhokhela onesi kangcono kanti nesimo sokusebenza sisezingeni eliphezulu.
Okunye okuheha amanesi asemazweni asathuthuka yinzuzo ayithola uma eshintsha imali ayihola phesheya. Isibonelo nje, umuntu wakuleli zwe osebenza eNgilandi uholelwa ngopondo. Upondo owodwa kulezi zinsuku uba wuR24 ngaphezudlwana kukaR18 ngoMeyi wango-2015.
I-WHO ithi inani lamanesi emhlabeni jikelele laliwu-29.8m ngo-2023, ngaphezulu kwango-27.9m ngo-2018. Ingxenye enkulu yamanesi itholakala emazweni asethuthukile. La mazwe anengxenye yabantu emhlabeni jikelele abawu-17% kodwa inani lamanesi akula mazwe liwu-46% wamanesi omhlaba wonke.
Iveze ukuthi izwekazi lase-Afrika lizosala emuva kwezamanesi nezinye izisebenzi zezempilo. Ngo-2013 i-Afrika yayishoda ngo-30% wezidingo zalezi zisebenzi, okuyinani okulindeleke ukuthi lenyukele ku-50% ngo-2030, eminyakeni engaphansana kwemihlanu kusuka manje.
Ayalivala leli gebe amanye amazwekazi. E-Southeast Asia, igebe lezisebenzi zezempilo laliwu-42% ngo-2013. Kulindeleke ukuthi linciphe lifinyelele ku-24% ngo-2030.
Loku kwenzeka nje i-Afrika ibhekene nokwanda kwezifo, okuyisimo okulindeleke ukuthi siyengokubanzima kakhulu. Esinye sezizathu saloku yizinguquko esimweni sezulu – wukwanda kokushisa nezikhukhula kwezinye izindawo.
Likhulu iqhaza elibanjwa ngamanesi kwezempilo. Ayingxenye enkulu yezisebenzi zezempilo. Umsebenzi wawo ubanzi – kusukela kumanesi afundisa imiphakathi ngezempilo kuya kwanakelela iziguli ezisisemweni esibucayi.
Odokotela abakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwamanesi. Kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni, amanesi yiwona azibambele mathupha, okulindeleke ukuthi asize isiguli size sikwazi ukufinyelela kodokotela esibhedlela.
Konke loku kukhomba ubunzima obuzothwala abantu basemazweni asathuthuka, phakathi kwawo esingabala neNingizimu Afrika.
