Usizo lokuthi uhulumeni ubaxhasa kangakanani abampofu lukalwa yisimo sepolitiki nesomnotho, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ZIBALULEKILE izikali zamazinga enhlupheko ezweni. Zibayizikali zenqubekelaphambili yezwe; ukuthi liyasimama noma cha. Futhi ziwusizo olukhulu kuhulumeni ekusunguleni izinhlelo zokuxhasa abantu abahluphekayo.
Zimbili izinto ezikalwayo. Eyokuqala ngamandla okumelana nezindleko zokudla, kuthi eyesibili kubeyizindleko zokuphila, njengezindleko zendawo yokuhlala, ugesi, amanzi nezempilo.
Nokho lezi zikali zihambisana nezinkinga, enkulu okuvame ukuthi kubewukuthi yini ekalwayo futhi ikalwa kanjani. Loku kuvame ukudala impikiswano enkulu kwezombusazwe.
ENingizimu Afrika sesandile isibalo sabantu nezinhlangano ezithi iyodwa indlela uhulumeni okumele abhekane namazinga enhlupheko ngayo.
Okuhlongozwayo ukuthi wonke umuntu ongasebenzi athole isibonelelo esibizwa nge-basic income grant, okufanele kubeyimali engaphezu kwezibonelelo ezikhishwa wuhulumeni okwamanje.
Zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu izikali zamazinga enhlupheko ezikhona. Esokuqala yisikali somhlaba wonke, esenziwa yiWorld Bank ngokubambisana nenHlangano yeziZwe iFood and Agricultural Organisation.
Esesibili esenziwa ngamazwe lapho izwe ngalinye lisungula elaso isikali samazinga enhlupheko. ENingizimu Afrika lo msebenzi wenziwa i-Statistics South Africa (iStatsSA), okuwuphiko lukahulumeni olwengamele umsebenzi wokuqoqa nokuhlanganisa imininingwane ngomnotho wezwe, inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi neminye ebalulekile ngesimo sezwe.
Esesithathu kuba yisibali esiphenya ngentuthuko yezwe esigxila ezimbonini ezihambisana nenhlalakahle yalo. Kuleli zwe singabala iBureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (iBFAP).
Inkinga kubayigebe phakathi kwalezi zigaba zezikali – esomhlaba jikelele, esezwe (eseStatistics South Africa) nezenziwa yizinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Izinhlelo zomxhaso kahulumeni kuleli zwe zivame ukususelwa ezikalweni ezenziwa yiStats SA.
Izikali ezenziwa yiStats SA zisezingeni eliphansi kunelezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, njengeBFAP nje. Loku kuvame ukuqubula imibuzo ngokuthi yisiphi isikali esisondele kakhulu ezingeni lenhlupheko izakhamuzi ezibhekene nalo.
I-World Bank isanda kubika ukuthi umuntu ngamunye emhlabeni jikelele udinga u$4.46 ngosuku ukuze athole ukudla okunempilo.
Ithi u-2.6 billion wabantu emhlabeni jikelele awukwazi ukubhekana nalezi zindleko. Zimbili izizathu zaloku. Yizindleko zokuthenga ukudla okunempilo nokungabinamandla (imali) okuthenga ukudla okunempilo.
Ngamanye amazwi kunabantu abakwazi ukumelana nokunyuka kwezindleko zokudla ngoba bephila impilo lapho behola kahle, noma benezinye izindlela zokuthola imali. Abanye abakwazi ukumelana nezindleko zokudla okunempilo. Loku kuchaza ukuthi usizo kubantu abahluphekayo kufanele lubheke zombili lezi zizathu – izindleko zokudla namathuba emisebenzi (anganika abantu amandla okumelana nezindleko zempilo).
Uma lezi zindleko ezikalwa yiWorld Bank zibuyiselwa emalini yakuleli zwe zibawuR80 ngosuku, okubawuR2 400 ngenyanga, imali engaphezudlwana kunemali uhulumeni ayikhokhela abantu abahola impesheni ewuR2 315.
Ngamanye amazwi, uma sisebenzisa isikali seWorld Bank, abahola impesheni kuhulumeni kuleli zwe bathola imali engaphansi ngoR85 ezindlekweni zokuthenga ukudla ngokwesikali seWorld Bank.
Asikabali ezinye izindleko zempilo. Zikhona ezinye izinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuxhasa abantu abahluphekayo – njengengxenye ethile yezindleko zamanzi nogesi engatholakala mahhala nezindleko zezempilo.
Inkinga wukuthi lezi zinhlelo zeminye imixhaso azisebenzi ngendlela efanele. Izikhungo zempilo eziningi – imitholampilo nezibhedlela – azikho ezingeni elifanele, okugcina kuphoqe ezinye izakhamuzi ukuthi ziye kodokotela abazimele. Zinkulu nezinkinga nangengxenye kagesi nezinye izidingo okufanele zitholakale mahhala komasipala.
I-Stats SA isebenzisa izikali ezintathu zezinga lenhlupheko. Esokuqala ngesokudla nje kuphela. Ngonyaka odlule yabeka izindleko zokudla kuR796 kumuntu oyedwa ngenyanga. Esesibili ngesihlanganisa izindleko zokudla nezinye zempilo, phecelezi i-lower-bound poverty line, esibekwa kuR1 109 – esihlanganisa ukudla okubiza uR796) nezinye izindleko zempilo ezibawuR313.
Esesithathu yi-upper-bound poverty line, esifinyelela kuR1 634, esibala ukudla okubiza uR796 nezinye izindleko zempilo ezibiza uR838.
Uma kubhekwa izindleko zokudla nezinye izidingo zempilo kuyacaca ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa izikali zeStats SA ukuwenza imixhaso kahulumeni abantu abahluphekayo abatholi usizo olubenza bakwazi ukumelana nezindleko zempilo.
Izikali zeBFAP zibeka izindleko zegrosa yokudla okunempilo kuR3 898 ngenyanga. Lesi sikali seBFAP senzelwe umndeni wabantu abane, okukhona kuwona abazali nezingane ezimbili – esindadlana nesencane.
Sichaza ukuthi iBFAP ilinganisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye emndenini udinga ukudla kwezindleko ezingaphansana kancane kukaR1 000 ngenyanga, okushiya igebe elingaphansana kukaR200 phakathi kwesikali sayo neStats SA.
Likhulu nokho igebe phakathi kwalezi zikali zombili, eseStats SA neBFAP neseWorld Bank esithi umuntu nemunye udinga uR2 400 ngenyang).
Lama gebe achaza ukuthi izinqumo ngokuthi uhulumeni ubeka umxhaso wakhe kwabahluphekayo kuliphi izinga zibayizinqumo zepolitiki nesimo sezimali ezweni.
