Umbiko uthi ayazicanasela amaphekulazikhuni eNingizimu Afrika, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

ININGIZIMU Afrika isiyavuma ukuthi izwe lisengcupheni enkulu yokusetshenziswa ngabantu abafuna ukuthola imali okungesekwa ngayo izenzo zobushokobezi. 

Loku kuvezwa wumbiko ophume ngenyanga edlule ohlanganiswe yiminyango kahulumeni ecwaninga ngengcuphe yokusebenzisa leli zwe ukwenza imali noma libewumgudu wemali ethunyelwa kubantu abenza izenzo zobushokobezi kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika.

Lo mbiko ubeka izizathu eziyisishiyagalolunye ezibeka iNingizimu Afrika engcupheni yokuphenduka umgede omkhulu wokuzinza abashushumbisa imali yokukhokhela izimpi zokuketula ohulumeni kwamanye amazwe abezinhlangano zenkolo yamaSulumane. Lisengcupheni futhi yokuthi kusetshenziswe izingxenye zomnotho wezwe ukwenza le mali.

Uphuma nje lo mbiko iNingizimu Afrika isivele ibekwe ohlwini lamazwe abhekwe ngamehlo okhozi yinhlangano iFinancial Action Task Force (i-FATF). Lolu hla ngolwamazwe angamalungu ale nhlangano. Kubekwa kulo amazwe atholakala enegebe emithethweni nemigomo yokubhekela ukushushumbisa imali engenziwanga ngokusemthethweni (njengemali etholakala ngenkohlakalo nokuthengisa izidakamizwa) nokuseka ngemali yobushokobezi.

I-FATF, enamalungu awu-40, yasungulwa ngo-1989 ngamazwe ayisikhombisa amakhulu ngokomnotho emhlabeni jikelele adume ngeleG7. Ayibanga nagalelo elitheni. Yathola amandla emva kokuhlasela ngamabhanoyi amabhilidi amabili eNew York, eMelika, ngoSepthemba wango-2001. 

IMelika nabangani bayo baphoqa iFATF ukuthi isebenzisane namanye amazwe ukuqhamuka nemigomo yokulwa nokushushumbisa imali, ikakhulukazi leyo etholakala ngokudayia izidakamizwa, izikhali zempi okungekho emthethweni nezinye izinhlobo zobugebengu. 

Inhloso enkulu wukuvala imigudu yokushushumbisa imali esetshenziselwa ukuseka izenzo zobushokobezi.

Umbiko walo nyaka, i-Terror Financing National Risk Assessment (2024), uthi izinga lengcuphe elikuyona leli zwe selinyuselwe ezingeni eliphezulu kunelango-2022. Ubeka izizathu eziningi zaloku. Phakathi kwazo ukuphahlazeka kwesidleke senhlanganisela yamavukelambuso adume nge-Islamic State Caliphate eSyria nase-Iraq. 

Loku sekuphoqe izinhlangothi zale nhlanganisela ukuthi zisebenze ngokuhlukana emazweni ahlukene, phakathi kwawo okukhona nawase-Afrika. Lezi zinhlangothi zivukuzela ukuseka kanti futhi zenza imizamo yokuthola imali engathunyelwa lapho le nhlangano iphezu kwemikhankaso yezimpi. Amazwe lapho imizamo yezimpi yale nhlangano ingathinta iNingizimu Afrika, iMozambique neDemocratic Republic of Congo.

Enye ingozi ingaqhamuka ngemisebenzi yenhlangano ye-Islamic State eMpumalanga Afrika ebizwa nge Al-Shabaab. Yona idume ngokusebenzisa imigudu yomnotho engekho emthethweni futhi incela imali yentela ngokungekho emthethweni.

Lo mbiko uthi imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezifana ne-Islamic State idalela amazwe anjengeNingizimu Afrika ubunzima ekulandeleni imigudu yokushushumbisa imali ngokungemthetho. Le mali igcina isetshenziselwe ubuphekula. Inkinga enkulu ebhekene namazwe wukuxhumana kokusebenza kwalezi zinhlangano zamaphekula nezezigebengu (ukusebenza kwazo okufana neMafia, inhlangano eyasungulwa e-Italy, kodwa yagcina isisabalele umhlaba wonke).

INingizimu Afrika izithola isikhoselisa abantu bakwamanye amazwe e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi abaphuma emazweni anjengeDRC, iMozambique neSomalia – okungamazwe akhungethwe ezobuphekula. Phakathi kwabazokhosela kuleli zwe kukhona nabasebenzela izinhlangano zamaphekula emazweni abaphuma kuwo. 

Kuthiwa bamatasa bashumayela ivangeli lempi, baheha amalungu kanti futhi basebenzisa imigudu yezomnotho (esemthethweni nengekho emthethweni) ukuthola imali abangayishushumbisa ukuseka impi ekhaya.

Lo mbiko uthi lelizwe likhungethwe ubugebengu obenziwa izinhlangano, ukusebenza kwayo okufana nokwe-Mafia, okuwubugebengu obuhleliwe. 

Lezi zinhlangano zisebenzisana nabasebenzela ukuvukela umbuso kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika. Uthi amalungu e-Islamic State nawo asebenzisa imigudu efana neyogebengu obuhleliwe ukuthola imali. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela kubalwa ukuthumba abantu abathathwa ngokuthi bangakwazi ukukhokha ukuze bakhululwe, ukuphoqa osomabhizinisi ukuthi bakhokhe imali yokugwaza  nokushushumbisa izimpahla ezinjengezidakamizwa nokumbiwayo.

Le mali eyenziwa ngalobu bugengu isetshenziswa ukuseka izenzo ezihambisana nobuphekula. Iphinde isetshenziswe ukugcina izidleke ze-Islamic State ezizinze kuleli zwe.

Lo mbiko uveza nokuthi iNingizimu Afrika isuwumgudu wokushushumbisa imali ethunyelwa emaqenjini obushokobezi emazweni angomakhelwane. Imali eyenziwa kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika, igcina ingeniswe eNingizimu Afrika lapho izidleke ze-Islamic State ziyishushumbisa khona ziyithumela kule nhlangano kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zidleke zisebenzisa izingxenye zomnotho wakuleli zwe ezingamabhizinisi angabhalisiwe ngokungemthetho engamele ezamabhizinisi nasebenzisa imali engukheshi.

“Ngokusebenzisa iNingizimu Afrika, abashokobezi bagwema uphenyo emazweni lapho le mali yenziwe khona.”

Ezinye zezizathu ezibekwa yilo mbiko wukuthi kulula ukungena kuleli zwe njengoba imingcele yezwe ingagadiwe ngendlela, futhi kulula ukuthola izincwadi zobuzwe ezifana ne-passport nepasi kwakuleli zwe. 

Ingxenye enkulu yomnotho wakuleli zwe usebenza ngokheshi kanti futhi eyabantu namabhizinisi angabhalisiwe ngokusemthethweni yezwe. Le ngxenye yomnotho ivame ukungasebenzisi amabhange neminye imigudu yemali ebhaliswe. Ababhacile nasebezinze kuleli zwe banemigudu eminingi yokuthumela emazweni abaphuma kuwo, okuyiyona esetshenziswa ngokungekho emthethweni.

Kuyanda ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokukhokha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ikakhulukazi lezo ezidume nge-fintech, phakathi kwazo okuqave i-crypto. Lezi zindlela zihamba ngaphandle kwemigudu yezimali engaphansi kwemigudu yezwe futhi indlela ezakhiwe ngayo yenza kube lukhuni ukubona ukuthi wubani othumela imali, kubani.

Kuyanda ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuqoqa imali kubantu abasezindaweni ezihlukene, phecelezi i-crowdfunding. Lo mgudu wenza kubenzima ukuthola ukuthi iphuma kubani le mali nokuthi futhi wubani ozohlomula ngazo.

Konke lokhu kwandisa amathuba okusebenzisa kwaleli zwe njengomgudu wokuseka ezokuvukela umbuso emazweni aseNingizimu ye-Afrika.

FUNDA NALAPHA: https://www.umbele.co.za/2024/04/04/izinkampani-ezingenzi-nzuzo-zisetshenziswa-ukushushumbisa-imali/