Kungakuhle abafundi baseNingizimu Afrika basike iphethini kwabaseMelika ngokufundela amakhono, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
ABAFUNDI kulezi zinsuku kumele bacabangisise ngomkhakha wemfundo ephakeme abahlose ukungena kuwo. Bangahamba ezinyathelweni zabalingani babo baseMelika asebezijube ukufundela imisebenzi yamakhono ezandla kunokuyothola iziqu emanyuvesi.
Abalulekile amakhono ezandla ezweni elisathuthuka njengeNingizimu Afrika. Phakathi kwawo singabala awokwakha, ukukhanda izimoto, ukushisela izinsimbi nokwakha imigwaqo namabhuluho.
Kuleli zwe kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwezidingo zezindlu nezikhona. Nemigwaqo idinga ukuvuselelwa futhi kwakhiwe nemisha. Sikhuluma nje ingqalasizinda yomasipala yokuhlanza nokuthutha amanzi efakwa ezindlini neyokuhambisa ugesi idinga ukuvuselelwa futhi yengezwe.
Konke loku kudinga abantu abanamakhono ezandla. Uma uhulumeni ungawusukumeli lo msebenzi ngomdlandla, leli zwe lizoshoda ngabantu abanala makhono. Uma sibheka imilando yakwamanye amazwe, njengaseMelika nje, uma kushoda abantu abanamakhono adingeka kakhulu iyanyuka imiholo yezisebenzi ezenza lowo msebenzi.
Nokho sekuneminyaka abafundi kuleli zwe bewubukela phansi umsebenzi wezandla, bakhetha ukuya emanyuvesi ngoba kuthenjwe ukuthi iziqu zinekusasa eliqhakazile.
Zimbili izizathu zalokhu. Esokuqala, yisinqumo sikahulumeni ngesikhathi kuphethe uMnu uThabo Mbeki sokushintsha imfundo ephakeme, ikakhulukazi izikhungo ezazibizwa ngama-technikon zenziwa amanyuvesi.
Okwesibili, uhulumeni waguqula uhlelo lokuqeqesha izitshudeni ngamakhono ezandla, okwaba yisenzo esenza abezimboni bengasenalo ithemba ngemiphumela yezikhungo ezibiwa ngama-technical vocational education and training (amaTVET) college.
NaseMelika sekuyiminyaka abafundi bekhetha ukuya enyuvesi, begwema imisebenzi okuthiwa ingcolisa izandla. Nokho kushintshile kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Bayanda abafundi asebeyibona inekusasa eliqhakazile, kanti iziqu zasenyuvesi aziqhakazile njengoba kwethenjwa.
IMelika iphezu komkhankaso omkhulu wokuvuselela nokwandisa ingqalasizinda enjengemigwaqo, uloliwe, izintambo zokuthutha ugesi nemigudu ye-internet. Le ngqalasizinda eyakhiwa eminyakeni edlule ibalulekile ekusebenzeni komnotho waseMelika. Ongoti babika ukuthi ayisakwazi ukumelana nezidingo zezwe, okwenza uhulumeni kaMengameli uJoe Biden usukumele ukuyivuselela uma ethatha izintambo.
Umbiko omusha oshicilelwe yiphephandaba lamabhizinisi nomnotho eMelika, i-Wall Street Journal, uveza ukuthi liyenyuka inani labafundi abakhetha umgudu wamakhono ezandla. Kwenzeka loku nje, liyehla inani labafundi abakhetha amanyuvesi namakolishi.
Leli phephandaba lithe inani labafundi abakhetha izifundo eziphathelene nemboni yokwakha linyuke ngo-23% phakathi kuka-2018 no-2023. Elabakhethe ukufundela amakhono aphathelene nemishini yokufudumeza nokupholisa amabhilidi, phecelezi i-heating, ventilation ne-air conditioning nokulungisa izimoto linyuke ngo-7%.
Libika nokuthi sekunesikhathi iMelika ikhungethwe wukushoda kwezisebenzi ezinamakhono omsebenzi wezandla. Eminyakeni edlule iphoqeke ukubuyisa izisebenzi zikagesi nezamapayipi amanzi esezathatha umhlalaphansi. Nokho loku kwaphoqa abaqashi ukuthi benyuse imiholo ukuheha asebethathe umhlalaphansi.
I-Wall Street Journal ibike ukuthi imiholo yezisebenzi eziqashwa kabusha embonini yokwakha yenyuka ngo-5% ngo-2023, yadlula eyezisebenzi ezifundele imisebenzi efana nokucwaninga amabhuku nobuchwepheshe bamakhompyutha. Besekuwunyaka wesine izisebenzi eziqala ukusebenza embonini yokwakha zidlula abalingani abafunde enyuvesi.
Ibike nokuthi amathuba lapho abafundela amakhono ezandla bethola amathuba okwenza umsebenzi besafunda anda kakhulu.
Leli phephandaba libika nokuthi esinye sezizathu esikhuthaza yisizukulwane sanamuhla ukukhetha imisebenzi yezandla yinkolelo yokuthi ngeke iphazamiseke kakhulu imishini ezicabangelayo, phecelezi i-artificial intelligence. Kunenkolelo yokuthi ukwanda kwalolu hlobo lwemishini kuzokwehlisa kakhulu amathuba emisebenzi eyenziwa abasebenzela emahhovisi.
NaseNingizimu Afrika ongoti abacwaninga ngezinto zobuchwepheshe namathuba emisebenzi angomuso bakhomba ukuthi i-artificial intelligence izogwinya imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa abantu. Nakhona lapha imisebenzi okubikezelwa ukuthi izolahleka kakhulu ngeyabantu abahlala edeskini.
Uma-ke kuhlanganiswa ingozi eza nale mishini ezicabangelayo nesidingo sokuvuselela nokwakha ingqalasizinda entsha ezweni kukhomba ukuthi inekusasa eliqhakazile indlela egxile emakhonweni ezandla.
Imininingwane ekhishwe wumNyango weMfundo ePhakeme ithi isibalo sabafundi okulindeleke ukuthi sibhalise ema-TVET kulo nyaka silinganiselwa ku-620 000, kuthi esabasemanyuvesi sibewu-1.1 million. Ngaphansana kukahhafu (450 000) wabafundi basemanyuvesi bazoxhaswa yisikhwama sikahulumeni iNational Student Financial Scheme kuthi abawu-400 000 abase-TVET baxhaswe.
Sekuyiminyaka uhulumeni ubika ukuthi inhloso yawo wukwandisa inani lezisebenzi ezinamakhono ezandla kodwa izinhloso zwo azifezeki ngendlela ezokwazi ukumelana nezidingo zezwe. Esinye sezizathu zaloku wukuthi abafundi nabaqashi abakuthembi okufundwa ema-TVET.
Sekukaningi ongoti abacubungula amakhono bekhomba ukuthi abafundi kula makolishi baphuma bengaqeqeshekile kahle. Isizathu esikhulu wukuthi le nhlobo yamakolishi isebenza kahle uma abafundi bethola ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi abawufundelayo ngesikhathi besaqeqeshwa.
Kuzokhumbuleka kudala ukuthi abafundi ema-technikon bebethatha izinyanga eziyisithupha betohoza embonini yomsebenzi abawufundelayo. Abanye abafundi babevele bethunyelwe abaqashi babo ukuze bathole izitifiketi zamakhono omsebenzi osekunesikhathi bewenza.
Abaqashi babuye bakhononde ngokuthi abaqeqeshi ema-TVET abanalo ulwazi lwezidingo zabaqashi. Loku kuyinkomba yegebe elikhulu phakathi kwama-TVET nabaqashi.
Ama-TVET okubikwa ukuthi asebenza kahle yilawo asondelene nabaqashi, okuwanika ithuba lokuncela izidingo zabaqashi, okwandisa amathuba okuqasha abafundi uma sebephothulile.
