Iyinkinga eyesikweletu nomnotho ongakhuli, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

LIYANDA igebe phakathi kwemali yentela eqoqwa wuhulumeni neyezidingo zezwe ezibalulwe kwiSabelomali salo nyaka. 

Leli gebe lisho ukuthi kunezinto ezimbili okufanele akhethe phakathi kwazo. Eyokuqala, wukuphinde kuncishiswe iSabelomali sonyaka omusha. 

Eyesibili wukuboleka enye imali.

Zinzima zombili lezi zindlela. Ukunciphisa iSabelomali kusho ukuqhubeka kokusinda kwejoka elithwelwe ngabantu abancike kakhulu kwizinsiza ezihlinzekwa wuhulumeni, ikakhulukazi ezemfundo nezempilo. Abancike kakhulu kulezi zinsiza ngabantu abahluphekayo, abahola kancane nabantula imisebenzi.

Ukwandisa imali ebolekwayo kunezinkinga zako, njengokunyuka kwenzalo esiyande kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. 

Okwesibili, ukuboleka imali ezimakethe zemali kuyindlela yokusebenzisa imali yentela eyoqoqwa eminyakeni ezayo. Phela, kufanele uhulumeni uyikhokhe le mali uma sekufike isikhathi. 

Uma izinto zihamba kahle, uhulumeni ungasebenzisa ingxenye yemali yentela ukukhokha inzalo. Ungayikhokha futhi ngokuboleka enye, njengoba kwenzeka manje. Nokho le ndlela ayiqondile ngoba imali entsha ebolekwayo kule minyaka  inenzalo engaphezu kwebuyiswayo. Ngamanye amazwi, akuphusile ukuboleka imali ngenzalo enkulu ukukhokha oyiboleke ngenzalo encane.

Imininingwane emisha ngesimo semali yentela ikhomba ukuthi liyaqhubeka nokusilela inani lentela kunelabikezelwa wuNgqongqoshe weziMali uMnu u-Enoch Godongwane ekuqaleni kwango-2023.

Wasibuyekeza isibikezelo sakhe ngo-Okthoba wangonyaka odlule, ekhomba kakhulu ukwehla kwenani elivela ezinkampanini, ikakhulukazi ezokumbiwa phansi.

Ingxenye enkulu yemali yentela eqoqwayo ivela emithonjeni emithathu. Owokuqala, owemali ebanjwa emiholweni yezisebenzi nekhokhwa kanye ngonyaka emva kokucutshungulwa yiSouth African Revenue Service (iSARS), phecelezi, i-tax assessment.

Owesibili, yintela yezimpahla, i-value-added tax (i-VAT). Zikhona nokho izimpahla iVAT, njengesinkwa ngoba zisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu abahluphekayo nabahola kancane.

Owesithathu, yimali ekhokhwa yizinkampani eba yingxenye yenzuzo eziyenzayo ngokuhweba kwazo. Le mikhakha yomithathu yenza ingxenye elinganiselwa ku-80% wemali yentela eqoqwa yiSARS njalo ngonyaka.

Yomithathu le mithombo incike kakhulu esimweni somnotho wezwe, ikakhulukazi ukukhula kwawo. 

Nokho ziyehluka izindlela umthombo ngamunye oncika ngayo noma ulandele izinga lokukhula komnotho wezwe. Siyowuchaza kahle lo mehluko ngelinye ilanga.

Imali ebanjwa emiholweni incike esibalweni sabantu abathola imisebenzi, izinhlobo zemisebenzi abazenzayo nezinga lokunyusa imiholo yabo. Eyezinkampani, ilandela izinga lokunyuka kwenzuzo eziyenzayo nesimo somnotho emhlabeni jikelele.

Ne-VAT ihambisana nezinga lokukhula komnotho wezwe, ikakhulukazi elokwenyuka kwemali esetshenziswayo uma kuthengwa izimpahla nezinye izidingo zempilo ezweni.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi amazwe omhlaba abenegebe phakathi kwemali ayiqoqa ngentela neSabelomali sonyaka nonyaka. Avala leli gebe ngokuboleka imali ezimakethe zezimali noma kubatshalimali ngqo. Nokho le ndlela inezinkinga zayo. 

Zimbili ezibalulekile. Eyokuqala, yinani lenzalo ekhokhwa uhulumeni. Eyesibili yinani lemali yonke esibolekiwe, uma iqhathaniswa nesikai somnotho wonkana wezwe, phecelezi i-debt-to-GDP ratio.

INingizimu Afrika ibhekene nazo zombili lezi zinkinga. Inzalo ekhokhwa yileli zwe isiyande kakhulu kanti nabezimakethe zezimali nabatshalimali abasekho magange ukuliboleka imali ngaphandle uma likhokha inzalo ethe xaxa unyaka nonyaka. 

Nesamba sonke semali esibolekwe yileli senyukile kakhulu, sisuka ku-25% wesikali somnotho wezwe ngo-2008. Kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ngaphansana kuka-75% ekupheleni kwalonyaka wezimali zikahulumeni ozophela ngoMashi.

Ukunyuka kwemali yenzalo kusho ukuthi uR1 noma u20% kuR5 wonke oqoqwa ngentela ukhokhela inzalo kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kuR385.9 billion ngonyaka u-2024/25, iye ku-R455.9bn ngo-2026/27. 

UmNyango weziMali uthi inzalo isinyuke kuzo zonke izindlela zokuboleka izimali, okuyinkomba yokuthi abatshalimali abasekho klamuklamu ukuboleka le mali ngaphandle uma uhulumeni ubabuyisela inzalo enkulu. Ngamanye amazwi abatshalimali bathi selehlile ithemba kubona lokuthi izwe lizokwazi ukuphatha imali yalo ngendlela.

Lo mnyango uthi izinga lokunyuka kwemali yenzalo selineminyaka ewu-11 lidlula elokukhula komnotho wezwe, okuyinkomba yokuthi umnotho wezwe awusakwazi ukukhiqiza imali yentela eyenele ukumelana nokunyuka kweyenzalo. Ngakho-ke ukuze uhulumeni umelana neyenzalo, kumele unciphise eyezinsiza zomphakathi.

Ngesikhathi kwethulwa isichibiyelo seSabelomali ngo-Okthoba ngonyaka odlule umNyango weziMali wakubeka kwacaca ukuthi uhulumeni usenkingeni. Umnyombo wayo wukukhula kancane komnotho wezwe.

“Ukunqamuka kukagesi izikhathi eziningi kwenza kubenzima kosomabhizinisi ukuhweba, kanti izingqinamba zokusebenza kwaloliwe namachweba akuleli zwe zisho ukuthi kunzima ukuthutha izimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nezithengiswa ngaphakathi ezweni,” kusho lo mnyango.

Uxwayisa ngokuthi izwe ngeke likwazi ukumelana nezinkinga ezingalikhungatha ezingadalwa ngamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi njengeMelika umnotho walo osewumthombo omkhulu womhlaba wonkana.

Uma umnotho womhlaba ungazithola usenkingeni, kungadingeka ukuthi uhulumeni ungenelele ngokwezimali, umphumela wako owukwandisa iSabelomali.

Nokho, ngeke kubelula loku njengoba izwe livele lithwele kanzima ngenxa yokunyuka ngesivinini kwemalimboleko nenzalo yayo.

Izinkinga emnothweni womhlaba zingahambisana nokwehla kwenani labantu abaqashiwe, inzuzo eyenziwa izinkampani zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokuhwebelana nabalingani bazo kwamanye amazwe. Loku kungasho ukwehla kakhulu kwemali yentela.