Qonda ukuthi anqunywa kanjani amanani kaphethroli, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

KULINDELEKE ukuthi intengo kaphethroli inyuke ngoFebhuwari, ibuyekezwa njalo ngenyanga. 

Zimbili izizathu ezenza inyuswe noma yehliswe intengo kaphethroli. Kunesesithathu, kodwa sona silawula ukunyuka kwentengo kanye ngonyaka.

Esokuqala, yintengo ezimakethe zomhlaba kawoyela ongahluziwe, okuyiwo okwenziwa ngawo uphethroli, udizili nopharafini. Kusetshenziswa idola laseMelika ukukala le ntengo. 

Esesibili, amandla emali akuleli zwe, irandi, uma eqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika.

Asiqale ngamandla emali alapha ezweni. Abalulekile ngoba uma amabhizinisi akuleli zwe efuna ukuthenga izimpahla kwamanye amazwe kumele adayise imali yalapha ezweni athenge eyakwamanye amazwe, njengeyaseMelika nje. 

Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi ukuhwebelana okuningi phakathi kwamazwe omhlaba – njengowoyela nokunye okumbiwa phansi njengegolide namalahle –  kukalwa ngemali yaseMelika.

Uma imali yezwe intenga kusho ukuthi umuntu ofuna ukuyishintsha kumele akhiphe eningi ukuthola eyaseMelika. Asilinganise: uma uR18 uthenga idola kule nyanga, kuthi ngelandelayo kudingeke uR20 kusho ukwehla kwamandla emali yakuleli zwe uma iqhathaniswa neyaseMelika. 

Kusho ukunyuka kwezindleko kumthengi waseNingizimu Afrika zokuthenga izimpahla phesheya. Uma kunguwoyela ongahluziwe, kusho ukunyuka kwentengo kaphethroli ezweni.

Intengo kaphethroli ezweni ingenyuka ngenxa yokunyuka kwekawoyela ezimakethe zomhlaba. Phakathi kwezizathu ezingadala loku kungaba wukungabaza ukuthi amazwe angabakhiqizi abakhulu bakawoyela, njengeSaudi Arabia nje, angakwazi ukumelana nenani elidingwa ngamazwe omhlaba.

Esinye kungaba wukusabela ukuthi izimo ezithinta ipolitiki noma izimpi zingaphazamisa ukukhiqiza uwoyela noma ukuwuthumela ngemikhumbi emazweni awusebenzisayo.

Ukunyuka kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe kusho ukuthi amazwe angabathengi bawo njengeNingizimu Afrika kudingeka asebenzisa imali ethe xaxa njengoba kuzomele ashintshe eyawo athenge amadola enele ukuthenga uwoyela awudingayo. 

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amandla emali ezwe ayenyuka kunawemali yaseMelika, ukunyuka kukawoyela kungasho ukuthi azinyuki izindleko zokuthenga uwoyela.

Asilinganise: uma imali yaseNingizimu Afrika ithenga idola ngoR18, kuthi intengo yomphongolo kawoyela ongahluziwe ibewu$85, kusho ukuthi umphongolo ngemali yethu ungabiza uR1 530. Kepha uma eyezwe ithenga idola ngoR16, kungasho ukuthi umphongolo ubiza uR1 360. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma yenyuka ekawoyela ongahluziwe ifinyelela ku$95, kuthi amandla eyethu inyuke, esuka kuR18 eya kuR16 idola, kungasho ukuthi izindleko zokuthenga uwoyela ongahluziwe ngokwemali yezwe zisami ndawonye, okungasho ukuthi ngeke kube namehluko emalini ekhokhwa ngabanikazi bezimoto.

Uma sekuhlaziywa intengo yelitha likaphethroli noma udizili, izindleko zokuwuthenga kwamanye amazwe zibalelwa ngaphansana kukahhafu wentengo yelitha. 

Uma kumenyezelwa ushintsho kwintengo kaphethroli inyanga nenyanga kusuke kukhulunywa ngoshintsho kulezi zindleko.

Zikhona nezinye izindleko ezenza intengo yelitha kodwa azishintshi nyanga zonke. Imali etholwa abanikazi bamagaraji nama-wholesale yenza u-14% wentengo yelitha. Izindleko zokuthutha uphethroli nokuklanywa kwazo zibalelwa ku-6% ngentengo yelitha.

Kunesinye isizathu sokunyuka kwentengo kaphethroli. Lesi siphathelene nesimemezelo sikaNgqongqoshe wezeziMali kwiSabelomali njalo ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. 

Lapha sikhuluma ngemali yentela ekhokhwa njalo uma umuntu ethenga ilitha likaphethroli nodizili. Le mali imikhakha mibili. Owokuqala, owemali engena esikhwameni i-General Fuel Levy. Okwamanje kukhokhwa uR3.85 ngelitha likaphethroli, kuthi ngelikadizili kukhokhwe uR3.70. 

Umlando walesi sikhwama usukela maphakathi neminyaka yawo-1930 lapho umbuso wabelungu waqala umkhankaso omkhulu wokwakha imigwaqo ehlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu ezweni. 

Lo mbuso wasungula isikhwama sokwakha le migwaqo, wase unquma ukuthi imali yaso kumele iphume kubashayeli bezimoto njengoba kuyibona abasebenzisa imigwaqo. 

Nokho uhulumeni wanamuhla awusalandeli le ndlela njengoba le mali yentela kaphethroli ingasabekwa eceleni isetshenziselwe ukwakha noma ukulungisa imigwaqo.

Uhulumeni uziphendulela ngokuthi ukubeka eceleni intela kaphethroli ukuze isetshenziselwe imigwaqo kuphela kungadala izinkinga ezimbili. Eyokuqala, lesi senzo singaphuca iPhalamende amandla alo okulawula iSabelomali. IPhalamende linamandla okushintsha iSabelomali noma kuyinto elingakaze liyenze seloku lathola lamandla eminyakeni ewu-30 edlule.

Esesibili, ngokoMnyango wezeziMali, imali eqoqwa ngale ntela ngeke yenele izindleko zemigwaqo. Kulo nyaka wezimali ozophela ngoMashi, uhulumeni ulinganisa ukuthi kuzoqoqwa uR92 billion ngale ntela, okuyisamba esincane uma siqhathaniswa nesabelomali esiqondene nemigwaqo. 

Sihlukene kabili lesi sabelo. Kunengxenye enikwa iSouth African National Roads Agency, inkampani kahulumeni eyengamele imigwaqo ezweni lonke bese kuba nengxenye ehleshulelwa ohulumeni bezifundazwe yemigwaqo engaphansi kwabo.

Kubuye-ke kube nemigwaqo engaphansi komasipala. Noma omasipala benamandla okuziqoqela imali kodwa babuye bahlomule nasemalini ephuma ezweni lonke, ikakhulukazi ukuze bamelane nezindleko zengqalasizinda.   

Isikhwama sesibili esihlomula ngentela kaphethroli yilesi esinxephezela abalimala ezingozini zomgwaqo, iRoad Accident Fund. Sihlomula ng-R2.18 ngelitha okwamanje. 

Nokho-ke lesi sikhwama sinezinkinga zaso esezaphenduka amahlalakhona. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukuba wumbele wabameli izimo zabo ezitshekile. Sekuneminyaka uhulumeni uzama ukusilungisa lesi sikhwama kodwa kube nhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Intela kaphethroli inyuka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uma sezihlanganisiwe zombili lezi zikhwama zenza ingxenye engaphansana kuka-30% yentengo yelitha kaphethroli noma udizili. 

Le ntela yiyona eyenza kubenomehluko phakathi kwentengo kaphethroli ezweni namazwe angomakhelwane, njengeBotswana, iLesotho naseSwatini. La mazwe athola uphethroli eNingizimu Afrika kodwa awudayisela abanikazi bezimoto ngenani eliphansi kunelaseNingizimu Afrika. Umehluko wukuthi la mazwe awanayo le ntela.