Ithemba yisisekelo sokusebenza kwamabhange namakhasimende, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane

ABALULEKILE amabhange. Abanye baze bawabize ngezikhali zenuzi ngoba ukuntenga kwawo kunabela ekusebenzeni komnotho wonkana ngokushesha.

Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi ukuntenga kwamabhange aseMelika ngo-2008 kwamisa umnotho waleli yazwe nse, okwagcina kuthinta amanye amazwe.

Okunye okwenza abaluleke kakhulu amabhange yingoba ayilapho abantu bebeka izimali zabo khona ngethemba lokuthi bazozithola uma sebezidinga, abazukutshelwa ukuthi babuye ngesinye isikhathi.

Yingakho amabhange engafani nezinye izinkampani; anemithetho eyisipesheli elawula ukusungulwa nokuphathwa kwawo. Ngokunjalo ukusebenza kwawo kusho ukuthi abaphathi bawo kumele kube ngabantu abaqotho, abangenasici. 

Abelusi bamabhange nezinye izinkampani ezinhlinzeka ngemali banezwi ekutheni wubani ongaqokwa abewusihlalo, isikhulu esiphezulu nesikhulu esiphezulu sezimali.

Yingakho futhi iBhange loMbuso lingakushayi ndiva ukuvungama kwabanye osopolitiki ngesinqumo salo sokulandela umthetho nemigomo yokuphatha nokusungula amabhange ngodaba lwezinkampani ezimbili ezingaphansi kukahulumeni.

Eyokuqala yibhange lasePosini, iPostbank. Eyesibili, yIthala. I-Postbank ingaphansi kwesandla sikahulumeni ezweni lonke kanti Ithala lingaphansi kwesifundazwe iKwaZulu-Natali.

Nokho, ukuba ngaphansi kukahulumeni akusho ukuthi lezi zinkampani kumele zixegiselwe imithetho nemigomo. Ithala selike lazama ukubeka leli phuzu kodwa lachithwa yiNkantolo eNkulu ehlala ePitoli ngonyaka odlule.

Ithala labeka ukuthi lasungulwa ukubhekela intuthuko ngokwezomnotho nempilo jikelele yabantu besifundazwe, okuyinhloso Ithala elithi ayifezeki ngoba liphazanyiswa  yimigomo yephiko lweBhange loMbuso.  

Inkantolo yanquma ukuthi izizathu ezabekwa yIthala zakhombisa ukungaqondisisi ukuthi imigomo yophiko lweBhange loMbuso ibekelwe ukuvikela izimali zomphakathi, wona lo mphakathi Ithala elithi lisebenzela ukuwuthuthukisa. 

Isinqumo senkantolo sichaza ukuthi ngeke izinhloso zokuthuthukisa umphakathi zidlule ukubaluleka kokuvikela izimali ezibekwe ebhange.

Yiphuzu elibalulekile leli. Amabhange aboleka imali kubantu. Phela sithi ayayiboleka ngoba umuntu ofake imali yakhe ebhange kumele ayithole uma eseyidinga. 

Okwesibili, imigomo yokugcina amabhuku ezimali ithi imali ibhizinisi okumele liyikhokhe kumele ibhalwe emabhukwini ibeyisikweletu. Imali elibolekisa ngayo ibhange yona iyinto engenisa imali, phecelezi i-asset, ngoba ibhange lenza inzuzo ngayo. 

Ubalulekile lo mehluko, phakathi kwento engenisa nedla imali, ngokokugcina amabhuku ezimali nokuphatha ibhizinisi  ngendlela.

Kubalulekile-ke ukuthi kube nemithetho nemigomo ebheka ukusebenza kwamabhange ukuze kuvikelwe abantu abafaka izimali zabo ebhange futhi kungagcini ngokubakhona kwalemithetho nemigomo, kodwa ilandelwe njalo. 

Inhloso enkulu yale mithetho nemigomo nokulawula amabhange wukushiya abaninimali benethemba lokuthi bazoyithola imali yabo uma sebeyidinga.

Yingakho nje sekusungulwe nesikhwama somshwalense umsebenzi waso okuwubuyisela abaninimali abakubeke ebhange uma kwenzeka ibhange liqumbeka phansi. 

Siyobuye sichaze kabanzi ngelinye ilanga ngalesi sikhwama. Ngamanye amazwi, amabhange ami phezulu kwesisekelo sethemba lomphakathi ezweni.

Esinye sezizathu ezenza amabhange ehluke kwezinye izinkampani wukuthi amabhange athatha imali kubaninimali, okuyimali ebekwa isikhashana, ayiboleke abantu nezinkampani eziyidinga isikhathi eside. 

Uma senza isibonelo nje, umuntu anga“bopha” imali yakhe izinyanga eziwu-12 noma avumelane nebhange ukuthi uzolazisa sekusele izinsuku eziwu-32 ukuthi useyayidinga enye noma yonke imali yakhe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi ibhange liqoqa zonke lezimali liziboleke umuntu ofuna ukuthenga imoto noma indlu. Isikhathi sokukhokhela imoto kungaba yiminyaka emihlanu noma kweve, esendlu yiminyaka ewu-20. 

Kwenye inhlobo yemalimboleko, oyibolekayo unikwa izinyanga eziwu-48 ukuthi ayikhokhe nenzalo yayo.

Loku kwenza ibhange libenesikhala phakathi kwemali eliyiboleke kumninimali nelibolekise ngayo, ngakho-ke amabhange ahlale edinga ukuthola imali angayiboleka nsuku zonke kubantu noma izinkampani ukuvala lesi sikhala, okusibuyisela ephuzweni lethemba ngekusasa.

Sanda kakhulu lesi sikhala uma ubheka ukuthi amabhange amaningi, ikakhulukazi amakhulu, athola ingxenye enkulu yemali ezinkampanini ezinkulu. Nokho, izinkampani azivamile ukugcina imali yazo isikhathi eside ebhange. Zingayifaka isikhathi esingaba wusuku nangaphansana ngoba ziyidinga ukukhokhela izindleko zazo. 

Okwesibili, izinkampani zivame ukuhlale zithungatha ibhange elingazikhokhela inzalo ethe xaxa, okusho ukuthi zingaphuma zingena emabhange.

Uma ibhange lihluleka ukuvala lesi sikhala lingawa bhu phansi. Zimbili izinhlobo zezinkinga ezibhekana namabhange. Eyokuqala, kungaba wukuthi ibhange alisakwazi ukuqoqa imali elibolekise ngayo. Kusemqoka loku. Abasakhumbula umlando webhange Ithala bazokwazi ukuthi kunosopolitiki baKwaZulu-Natali ababoleka imali kuleli bhange bethenga amapulazi kodwa lutho ukuyibuyisa, okwaba ngesinye sezizathu ezanyakazisa leli bhange eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Uma ibhange lingasatholi mali engenayo ngemali eliyibolekisile kusho ukuthi alikwazi ukukhokha inzalo kubantu ababeke imali kulo. Njengokwencazelo yangenhla ngokugcinwa kwamabhuku ezimali, loku kusho ukuthi obekufanele kungenise imali akusasebenzi. Ibhange selisele nezikweletu kuphela.

Eyesibili, wumphumella wokuphela kwethemba kubaninimali. Uma abaninimali behogela ukuthi ibhange linezinkinga bangangena ebhange belakanyana beyofuna okungokwaba. 

Uma bengena bonke ngasikhathi sinye, loku kungashiya ibhange enkingeni ngoba ngeke likwazi ukuqoqa imali eliyibolekisile ngesikhashana ukuze likhokhele bonke abaninimali ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngakho-ke ukuze abantu nezinkampani baqhubeke nokubeka izimali zabo emabhange kudingeka babenethemba ngekusasa lebhange nesimo samabhange onkana

• ^{USikhakhane uwumhleli we-The Conversation Africa noqweqwe lwentatheli yezomnotho nepolitiki}