Abantu abayiqondisisi imali, kuloba uJabulani Sikhakhane
IMPIKISWANO entsha ngesinqumo seWoolworths sokuyeka ukwemukela ukheshi ikhombisa ukungaqondisisi ukuthi yini ngempela imali. Abantu abaningi basathatha ngokuthi imali yilena engamaphepha newuhlweza kuphela.
Yiphutha elikhulu lelo. Imali esetshenziswayo ezweni ingaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-28 kunengamaphepha newuhlweza. Ukheshi otholakala ezweni ubalelwa kuR170 billion, inani elishintsha zinyanga zonke.
Ukwenyuka kwalo kuhambisana nezikhathi zonyaka, ngenganePhasika noma uKhisimusi. Ngo-2022, lenyuka lafinyelela kuR181.8bn ngoDisemba uma liqhathaniswa nangoJanuwari (R166bn). Kuyenyuka ukusetshenziswa kukakheshi ngoKhisimusi, namagoduka eya emakhaya.
Imali yonkana ezweni ibalelwa kuR4.8 trillion. Ingxenye enkulu yaleyo mali isebenzisa izinhlobo ezehlukene zokukhokhelana, njengamakhadi asemabhange (ahlanganisa ama-credit nama-debit card), izivumelwano zokubamba imali kwi-akhawunti yomuntu njalo ngenyanga, phecelezi ama-debit order, ukukhokha usebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini noma ikhompyutha, phecelezi i-online banking.
Namuhla akusafani nakudala, lezi zinhlobo zokukhokha seziwumshubo. Usungakhokhela umuntu ayithole ngaleso sikhathi imali, angalindi izinsuku.
Impikiswano isuswe yisimemezelo seWoolworths sokuthi ngeke isawamukela ukheshi ezindaweni zayo zokudlela. Ingxenye edayisa ukudla okungaphekiwe nezimpahla zokugqoka izoqhubeka ukuthatha ukheshi.
Lesi simemezelo sisuse umsindo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana lapho abaningi bebekhononda khona. Ngaphandle kokungaqondi kahle ukuthi imali yini, lo msindo ukhomba ukungazi ngomsebenzi wemali ezweni.
Imali engukheshi isetshenziswa kakhulu abantu abasezingeni eliphansi ngokwezikalo zomnotho. Izingxenye zomnotho ukusebenza kwazo okuncike kukheshi yilezo ezingaphansi kwe-informal economy, njengamatekisi nabadayisa emgwaqweni. Nezitolo ezidayisela abantu abahola kancane nazo zingena kuleli qoqo.
Ingxenye enkulu yomnotho wezwe isebenza ngaphandle kukakheshi noma ukheshi uyingxenye encane yokusebenza kwayo. Izitolo ezifana neWoolworths ezidayisela abantu abadla elikampondo, akulindelekile ukuthi zithembele kakhulu kukheshi ngoba amakhasimende azo ngabantu abakhokha ngamakhadi. Ngabantu futhi abangekho magange ukuphatha ukheshi, ikakhulukazi ezweni elikhungethwe wubugebengu njengeNingizimu Afrika, lapho khona kuyingozi ukuphatha ukheshi.
Loku akusho ukuthi ukheshi usuzophela ezweni. Mabili kuphela amazwe emhlabeni lapho ukheshi osetshenziswayo usuwehle kakhulu. Elihamba phambili yiSweden, ilandelwe yiNorway. Ngo-2017 ngesikhathi ngivakashele eStockholm, eSweden, nabantu abadlala umculo emgwaqweni babengekho magange ukwamukela ukheshi; babesebenzisa iselula ukwamukela imali kwizethameli.
IBhange loMbuso eSweden lithi zinzulu izizathu zokwehla kukakheshi osetshenziswayo kuleliya zwe. Lithi ukwenyuka kukakheshi kuhambisana nokukhula komnotho wezwe.
Izwe elinabantu abaningi abasebancane livamise ukungabi magange ukusebenzisa ukheshi. I-Sweden ingelinye lamazwe lapho inani labadala linyukile kakhulu, kanti umnotho wezwe uyaqhubeka ukukhula. Ngakho-ke kumele ngabe ukusebenzisa ukheshi kwenyukile kunokwehla.
Leli bhange lithi ukwehla kwenani likakheshi ezweni kudalwa yizinyathelo zalo, ikakhulukazi izindlela ezilula zokukhokha ngobuchwepheshe.
Nakuleli zwe yinkulu indima esikhathuliwe ekwethuleni izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezingasebenzisi ukheshi, lapho umuntu ecindezela inkinobho ukukhokhela omunye noma inkampani noma ukukhokhela isikweletu.
Akesichaze kafishane ngomsebenzi wemali. Zintathu izinto ezenza imali ibaluleke ezweni. Okokuqala, ukuze imali yamukeleke ezweni kumele umuntu akwazi ukuyigcina ukuze ayisebenzise ngelinye ilanga. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma abantu benethemba lokuthi uma beyikhipha kusasa beyisebenzisa iyobe isakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo.
Lesi sizathu sicacisa ukubaluleka kwamandla emali. Uma amandla emali ekalwa ngenani lezimpahla umuntu angakwazi ukuzithenga namuhla uma liqhathaniswa nesikhathi esedlule, ehla ngesivinini, njengoba kwakwenzeka eZimbabwe eminyakeni eyedlule. Asikho isizathu sokuthi umuntu agcine imali. Uyisebenzisa ngesikhathi eyithola ngoba kusasa amandla ayo azobe esehlile.
Okwesibili, imali iyisikali samanani ezimpahla njengolofu wesinkwa onenani elaziwayo, elishintsha kuphela ngenhlobo yesinkwa umuntu ayithengayo.
Okwesithathu, imali yinto yokushintshisana, phecelezi i-medium of exchange. Uma udinga impahla ethile ukhipha imali ukuze uyithole. Uma ingekho imali, noma abantu bengayethembi leyo ekhona, kugcina ngokushintshana ngezimpahla, phecelezi i-bartering
Abadala bazokhumbula ngesikhathi abantu babeshintshisana. Uma umuntu onezimbuzi edinga inkomo wayengashintshisana nonezinkomo, isikali sakhona kwakuyizimbuzi ezimbili ngenkomo eyodwa. Sesingashintsha kakhulu leso sikali namuhla ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu emananini ezinkomo nezimbuzi.
Zontathu lezi zinto – ukuba nethemba lokuthi imali ungayibeka ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngelinye ilanga, umsebenzi wayo wokuba yisikali samanani ezimpahla nokuba yinto yokushintshisana – zikhomba ukuthi imali kungaba yinoma yini, inqobo nje uma leyo nto ikwazi ukuhambisana nalezi zinto ezintathu.
Okunye, imali kumele kubeyinto eyemukelwa yiwo wonke umuntu ezweni. Uma ingemukelwa ayikwazi ukwenza lowo msebenzi esiwuchaze ngenhla.
- USikhakhane uwumhleli we-The Conversation Africa noqweqwe lwentatheli yezomnotho