Akukhushulwe amasokisi ngokuguqula umnotho, kuloba uSandile Zungu

NGO-EPHRELI besigubha iminyaka ewu-27 sathola inkululeko neminyaka ewu-25 kwasayinwa umthethosisekelo wethu. Kodwa umsebenzi wokuguqula umnotho owawuqalwe njengengxenye yesivumelwano sezepolitiki ubonakala uhlehlela emuva.

Emva kweminyaka ewu-27 yenkululeko, nokuyiminyaka elinganayo neyahlalwa (wuMnu) uNelson Mandela ejele njengesijeziso sokulwela inkululeko, izinsika zomnotho okungamabhange, izimayini, ezolimo namafemu zisesezandleni zengcosana yabelungu nabokufika.

Abantu abamnyama basondeziwe ngokunikwa u-30% ovame ukuhambisana nokuphatha okungathi shu ezinkampanini abatshale kuzona. 

Kuhle ukuthi sikhulume ngosekuzuzwe ngohlelo lwe-Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (iBBBEE) noma ngokuguqulwa komthetho. Empeleni osekwenzekile kusukela ngo-1993, nokuwunyaka owandulela ukhetho, wukuguqulwa kwezinkampani noma ukuthi abanikazi bezinkampani ezinkulu, iningi lazo okuyizinkampani zabelungu, wukuphendlela abantu abamnyama indawo babe ngabanikazi bezinkampani nabo.

Kumqoka ukuveza ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wawungakabi bikho umthetho weBBBEE. Cishe lezi zinkampani zaziqhutshwa wukuthi zase zikubona ukukhanya. Ngaso leso sikhathi futhi ezinye izinkampani ezinkulu zaziqala zimema abantu abamnyama, imvamisa amadoda ukuthi abe yingxenye yamabhodi azo.

Umthetho weBBBEE uze washaywa ngo-2003, nokwakuqala ukuthi kube nohlaka lokuletha uguquko; nakhona okugcine kufana nokuhlela kabusha izinkampani. 

Emva kweminyaka embalwa kwethulwe i-Codes of Good Practice, necacisa imininingwane ngokuthi lo mthetho kumele ulandelwe kanjani. Kuphinde kwakhona nemiqulu yoguquko eqondene nezimboni, nakuba zikhona izimboni ezimbalwa ezingenayo.

Umphumela yiloku esikubona namhlanje okuwukuthi izinkampani ziphoqwa wumthetho ukuthi ziphendlele u-30% wabantu abannyama indawo nakuba kuyithina iningi. Uma kuqhutshekwa kuyekelwa kanje, lukhulu luyeza. 

Sifike kanjani lana?  

Okokuqala, umthetho weBBEEE awuzange kwawona ube nezinhloso nezifiso ezinkulu. Njengayo intando yabantu wawuzama nje ukuphendlela abamnyama ndlela thizeni kodwa hhayi ukubenza abanikazi bezinkampani ngempela.

Okwesibili, abelungu sebeyayingabaza intando yabantu. Ayibacasuli nje kodwa abanye babo bayizonda ngempela nezimiso zayo. Loku kubonakala endleleni abenza ngayo ngeBBBEE nanezikhawu lapho izikhala ebeziphethwe ngabamnyama zivalwa ngabelungu abangenasimanga. 

Abanye abanesibindi kuleli qeqebana bavimba imizamo yokuletha uguquko njengoba sibone ngalaba abaye enkantolo belwa neTourism Equity Fund.

Uma sibheka isimo somnotho ngo-2020 lona bekuwunyaka amazwe emhlabeni azithole ebhekene nesimo abesiqala njengoba kudingeke ukuthi kumiswe umnotho ukuzama ukulwa nobhubhane. 

Ngokusho kwe-International Monetary Fund, umnotho womhlaba wehle ngo-3.3% ngo-2020 nokuthi akubanga ngokuphindiwe kathathu kulokhu, yingenxa yokungenelela kwamabhange oMbuso nohulumeni.

Umnotho waseNingizimu Afrika ubuvele usuneminyaka ewu-10 ungakhuli kanti njengoba bekulindelekile, akubanga bikho lutho oluhlukile ngo-2020 kanti ugcine wehle kakhulu, nobekungokwesibili kosekuke kwabonakala eminyakeni ewu-100; njengoba umnotho wehle ngo-7%. 

Nakuba elakuleli livale izwe ngendlela ebingenye yalezo ebezinqala kodwa umnotho wehle ngaphansi kwalokhu obekulindelwe yi-IMF ebibheke ukuthi uzokwehla ngo-7.5%.

Umnotho womhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi usimame ngo-2021 njengoba kuqhubeka ukugonywa kwabantu nokuxhaswa kweminotho emikhulu kuzosheshisa loku kuvuseleleka ngesigaba sesibili sonyaka.

Nakuleli zwe kulindeleke ukuthi umnotho uvuke noma kuzokwenzeka ngonyawo lonwabu, njengoba umhlaba usaqhubeka nokulwa nalolu bhubhane. IBhange loMbuso liqagule ukuthi umnotho wezwe uzokhula ngo-4.2%, i-International Monetary Fund yona ibeke u-3.1% kanti iBhange loMhlaba lona lithe uzonyuka ngo-3%.

I-Black Business Council (iBBC) iyaqhubeka nokukhula njengoba banda abayinakayo futhi ingenye yezinhlangano ezithintwayo uma kuboniswana.  

Yini okumele yenziwe?

• Sidinga ukuguqula umnotho, hhayi izinkampani ngoba loko akuphumelelanga. Sidinga icebo lokuthi abantu abamnyama babe sebephethe u-70% wobunikazi nokulawula izinkampani ngo-2030;
• Sidinga ukusebenzisana nezinyunyana, osomabhizinisi, uhulumeni nemiphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa nokuvuselelwa komnotho, i-Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan iyenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umnotho uyakhula;
• Kulungiswe iPassenger Rail Agency of South Africa, kuvuselelwe ingqalasizinda yokuthutha futhi kulungiswe namanye amabhizinisi kahulumeni abalulekile;
• Kubanjiswane namanye amazwe ukuze kusetshenziswe amathuba avulwa yi-African Continental Free Trade Area;
• Kuthuthukiswe futhi kuxhaswe amabhizinisi asafufusa ukuze ezosungula imisebenzi; 
• Kuthuthukiswe intsha, abesifazane nabaphila nokukhubazeka; 
• Kukhuthazwe ukuthenga kuleli zwe ukuze wonke umuntu ezofaka isandla ekukhuliseni umnotho.  

• Lena yinkulumo ehluziwe eyethulwe wuZungu engqungqutheleni yeBlack Business Council ngesonto eledule. UZungu uwumengameli wale nhlangano.